Ch. 5 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

heart

Answer 1

muscular organ between lungs

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

double walled membranous sac enclosing heart

Question 3

epicardium

Answer 3

external layer of heart/inner layer of pericardium

Question 4

myocardium

Answer 4

middle and thickest layer of heart

Question 5

endocardium

Answer 5

inner lining of heart

Question 6

atria

Answer 6

2 receiving chambers

Question 7

ventricle

Answer 7

2 pumping chambers

Question 8

tricuspid valve

Answer 8

controls opening between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 9

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 9

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 10

mitral valve

Answer 10

between left ventricle and left atrium

Question 11

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 11

between left ventricle and aorta

Question 12

sinoatrial node (SA)

Answer 12

establishes basic rythm and rate. starts each wave of contractions. located near entrance of superior vena cava

Question 13

atrioventricular node (AV)

Answer 13

gets impulse from SA and transmits it to Bundle of His

Question 14

Bundle of His

Answer 14

group of fibers. carry impulse to ensure sequence of heart contractions

Question 15

Purkinje fibers

Answer 15

within walls of ventricles. relay impulses to cells of ventricle to contract. forces blood out of heart

Question 16

P wave

Answer 16

due to stimulation of atria

Question 17

T wave

Answer 17

recovery of ventricles

Question 18

QRS wave

Answer 18

stimulation of ventricles. atria relaxes as ventricle constrict

Question 19

pulmonary circulation

Answer 19

blood flow between heart and lungs

Question 20

systemic circulation

Answer 20

blood flow to all of body except lungs

Question 21

arteries

Answer 21

carry blood away from heart. elastic and muscular to expand and contract

Question 22

aorta

Answer 22

largest artery in body

Question 23

carotid

Answer 23

carry blood to head. divides into internal carotid

Question 24

arterioles

Answer 24

smaller branches of arteries that carry blood to capillaries

Question 25

veins

Answer 25

low pressure collecting system to return blood to heart. thinner and less elastic. valves to prevent backflow

Question 26

venules

Answer 26

smallest veins that connect veins to capillaries

Question 27

vena cavae

Answer 27

2 largest veins. superior and inferior

Question 28

capillaries

Answer 28

one cell thick. slow flow of blood to allow for exchange. 90% of fluid leaves opposite end of capillary bed through venules

Question 29

pulse

Answer 29

rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by heart contractions

Question 30

blood pressure

Answer 30

measurement of amount of systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 31

systolic pressure

Answer 31

pressure against artery wall while ventricles contract

Question 32

diastolic pressure

Answer 32

pressure against artery wall while ventricles relax

Question 33

plasma

Answer 33

fluid containing nutrients, hormones, and waste products. 91% water, 9% proteins

Question 34

prothrombin and fibrinogen

Answer 34

clotting proteins found in plasma

Question 35

serum

Answer 35

plasma fluid after blood cells and proteins have been removed

Question 36

erythrocytes

Answer 36

RBCs. produced in red bone marrow. transports oxygen using hemoglobin

Question 37

leukocytes

Answer 37

WBCs. immune cells

Question 38

neutrophils

Answer 38

most common WBC. major role in immune defense

Question 39

basophils

Answer 39

least common WBC. responsible for symptoms of allergies

Question 40

eosinophils

Answer 40

WBC.destroy parasitic organisms. major role in allergic response

Question 41

lymphocytes

Answer 41

WBC. identify foreign substances and germs to produce antibodies

Question 42

monocytes

Answer 42

WBC. provide immune defense against infection

Question 43

thrombocytes

Answer 43

platelets. smallest elements of blood. creates clot by becoming sticky

Question 44

blood types

Answer 44

classified according to presence or absence of certain antigens. A, B, AB (presence of AB antigens) and O (both antigens are present)

Question 45

RH Factor

Answer 45

presence/absence of RH antigen. 85% positive, 15% negative in US

Question 46

blood gases

Answer 46

gases normally dissolved in liquid portion of blood. major are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

Question 47

congenital heart defects

Answer 47

structural abnormalities caused by failure to develop before birth

Question 48

coronary artery disease

Answer 48

atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. reduces supply to heart muscle

Question 49

infarction

Answer 49

sudden insufficiency of blood

Question 50

aneurysm

Answer 50

localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement in wall of artery

Question 51

thrombosis

Answer 51

abnormal clot

Question 52

embolism

Answer 52

sudden blockage of blood vessel. can be from air or fat.