Ch. 2 (pg 1-13)

Question 1

chemistry is the science of what

Answer 1

basic substances

Question 2

common ions in body

Answer 2

Na+, Cl-, H+, HCO3- (bicarbonate), K+

Question 3

most common elements in the body

Answer 3

C, H, O, N

Question 4

what is a covalent bond

Answer 4

2 or more atoms share e- to become stable.

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

1 atom takes e- from other atom to satisfy both their valence shells. Now, being oppositely charged, they’re attracted to each other

Question 6

what is energy

Answer 6

capacity to do work

Question 7

chem. bond

Answer 7

force that holds atoms together creating stable mlc. or compound

Question 8

what is a mlc.

Answer 8

2 or more atoms share e- and become stable

Question 9

chem. rxn.

Answer 9

the breaking or making of chem. bonds between atoms

Question 10

in solution salts dissociate into ions. what do we call them. they carry ______

Answer 10

electrolytes, electricity

Question 11

OH- is ______

Answer 11

basic OR alkaline

Question 12

H+ is _____

Answer 12

acidic

Question 13

pH is the measure of ____
concentration in a solution

Answer 13

H+

Question 14

what to buffers do

Answer 14

prevent big swings of pH in system

Question 15

pH of blood plasma

Answer 15

7.35-7.45

Question 16

cohesion

Answer 16

tendency of mlcs. to stick together

Question 17

water mlcs. link together resulting in high _______ ____

Answer 17

surface tension

Question 18

what is dehydration synth.

Answer 18

the removal of a H2O mlc. to create a bond.
2 monomers—-> 1 polymer

Question 19

hydrolysis

Answer 19

the addition of a H2O mlc. to break a bond

Question 20

the sum of all chem. rxn. in body

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

anabolism

Answer 21

the creation of complex mlcs. (macros) from monomers

Question 22

catabolism

Answer 22

the breaking down of polymers into monomers

Question 23

describe chem. energy

Answer 23

energy released or absorbed in breaking or forming of bonds

Question 24

radiant energy

Answer 24

energy that travels in waves
solar, heat, light

Question 25

electrical energy

Answer 25

energy from flow of e- or ions

Question 26

carbs subdivided into

Answer 26

monosaccharides di " poly "

Question 27

3 common monosaccharides

Answer 27

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 28

the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP

Answer 28

cellular respiration

Question 29

organic mlcs. have _____

Answer 29

carbon

Question 30

name 4 organic compounds in our bodies

Answer 30

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 31

whats a free radical

Answer 31

an atom with an unpaired e- in outer valence, they're unstable atoms that can damage cells

Question 32

3 monosaccharides

Answer 32

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 33

3 disaccharides

Answer 33

lactose, sucrose, maltose

Question 34

lactose is made of _____ and ______

Answer 34

glucose and galactose

Question 35

sucrose is made of ____ and ____

Answer 35

glucose and fructose

Question 36

maltose is made of ____ and ____

Answer 36

2 glucoses

Question 37

4 lipids

Answer 37

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids (includes cholesterol), and lipoproteins

Question 38

lipid mlcs. contain 3 elements

Answer 38

C, H, and O

Question 39

3 examples of polysaccharides

Answer 39

glycogen (animals), starch (plants), and cellulose

Question 40

what's the structure of a triglyceride (composition)

Answer 40

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 41

saturated fats have _____ bonds

Answer 41

single bonds

Question 42

monounsaturated fats have a ____ bond

Answer 42

double

Question 43

polyunsaturated fats have ___ ____ bonds

Answer 43

2 or more double

Question 44

the addition of a H atom to an unsaturated fat to break the double bond and turn it into a saturated fat

Answer 44

hydrogenated fat (trans fat)

Question 45

amphipathic

Answer 45

possess a non-polar and polar end

Question 46

anabolic steroids are derived from _____

Answer 46

testosterone

Question 47

proteins are a ____ shape

Answer 47

3D

Question 48

2 amino acids (aa)= 3 aas= 4-10 aas= 11+ aas=

Answer 48

dipeptide tripeptide peptide polypeptide chain

Question 49

in environments that are too hot, acidic, or salty, proteins can be ______

Answer 49

denatured

Question 50

substrate binds to enzyme at the ____ ____. If it's a snug (lock and key) fit, it's called an _____ fit

Answer 50

active site, induced

Question 51

_____ _______ affect enzyme activity

Answer 51

enzyme inhibitors

Question 52

segments of DNA are ____

Answer 52

genes

Question 53

what does mRNA do

Answer 53

copies DNA in nucleus and travels to ribosomes in cytoplasm to make proteins that are coded for in DNA

Question 54

what're nucleotides

Answer 54

monomers of nucleic acids

Question 55

3 parts of nucleotides

Answer 55

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar (5 C ring), phosphate group

Question 56

nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA

Answer 56

DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

Question 57

aerobic or anaerobic respiration produces more ATP?

Answer 57

aerobic