Ch. 4: Histology- Connective tissue (Pg. 6-12)

Question 1

connective tissues consist of (3)

Answer 1

cells, ground substances, and fibers

Question 2

______ ______ is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

general characteristics of connective tissues (5)

Answer 3

1. consists of cells, ground substance, and fibers
2. generally doesn’t appear on a free surface
3. has nerve supply
4. usually highly vascular (besides cartilage), therefore strong ability to heal
5. matrix may be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, fibrous, or calcified

Question 4

matrix consists of ______ embedded in _____ _______

Answer 4

fibres, ground substance

Question 5

ground substances are composed of ______ and ______ and hold water in tissues

Answer 5

proteins and sugars

Question 6

cells of connective tissue (6)

Answer 6

fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, neutrophils

Question 7

immature cells and their func.

Answer 7

blasts, secrete the matrix of a specific tissue type

Question 8

mature cells

Answer 8

cytes

Question 9

immature cells

Answer 9

blasts

Question 10

fibroblasts secrete mlcs that form the ______ (fibers and ground substance)

Answer 10

matrix

Question 11

macrophages are ____ ____ _____. Some are FIXED (ie. _______ macrophages of lungs) and some are _______ macrophages in the dermis of the skin

Answer 11

white blood cells, alveolar, wandering

Question 12

feats of plasma cells

Answer 12

they’re white blood cells, develop from B lymphocytes and leave bone marrow and reside in connective tissue, part of immune sys. —> secrete antibodies

Question 13

feats of mast cells

Answer 13

found along blood vessels in connective tissue, produce histamine which dilates blood vessels (inflammatory response)

Question 14

feats of adipocytes

Answer 14

fat cells that store triglycerides

Question 15

feats of neutrophils

Answer 15

white blood cells, scarce under normal conditions, migrate to connective tissue to fight pathogens

Question 16

part of connective tissue b/w the fibers and cells

Answer 16

ground substance

Question 17

3 types of fibers in connective tissue

Answer 17

collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 18

feats of collagen fibers

Answer 18

predominate in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments, tough and resistant to pulling force but flexible

Question 19

feats of elastic fibers

Answer 19

found in abundance in skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall, lung tissue. Provides strength and flexibility

Question 20

genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber production so tissues high in elastic fibers are weak, weakened aorta, long limbs and digits

Answer 20

Marfan’s Syndrome

Question 21

feats of reticular fibers

Answer 21

branching arrangement, consist of single collagen mlc (type IV collagen), provide support and strength, found in: blood vessel walls, around nerve fibers, skel. and smooth muscle cells, forms stroma (framework) of many soft organs–> lymph nodes, spleen, liver, help form basement membrane of epithelia

Question 22

types of mature connective tissue (5)

Answer 22

loose, dense, cartilage, bone, liquid

Question 22

collagen fibers when arranged in bundles is called type __ ______

Answer 22

I collagen

Question 23

3 types of loose connective tissue

Answer 23

areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue

Question 24

loosely woven fibers with many cells is _____ connective tissue

Answer 24

loose

Question 25

glues one type of tissue to another

Answer 25

areolar connective tissue

Question 26

two kinds of adipose tissue

Answer 26

white fat and brown fat

Question 27

3 kinds of dense connective tissue

Answer 27

dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

Question 28

contains more fibers and fewer cells than loose connective tissue

Answer 28

dense connective tissue

Question 29

feats of regular dense connective tissue

Answer 29

collagen fibers regularly arranged in bundles, very strong against pulling in one direction, found in tendons, ligs., and aponeuroses

Question 30

feats of irregular dense connective tissue

Answer 30

collagen fibers with no regular arrangement, helps to resist forces exerted in multiple directions, usually occurs in sheets, dermis of skin, fascia, perichondrium, periosteum, jt capsules, heart valves

Question 31

feats of elastic connective tissue

Answer 31

provides strength and flexibility, found in lungs, walls of elastic arteries (aorta)

Question 32

3 types of cartilage

Answer 32

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Question 33

cartilage is surrounded by the ________

Answer 33

perichondrium

Question 34

the perichondrium has _____ and ______ supply but the _______ itself does not

Answer 34

blood and nerve, cartilage

Question 35

mature cartilage cells usually found within lacunae in the matrix

Answer 35

chondrocytes

Question 36

a space in which a chondrocyte sits

Answer 36

lacuna (little lake)

Question 37

cartilage is avascular therefore it has no _____ ______

Answer 37

blood supply

Question 38

feats of hyaline cartilage

Answer 38

most abundant cartilage but weakest, provides flexibility and support, reduces friction and absorbs shock, found at ends of long bones, costal cartilage, and others

Question 39

where is fibrocartilage found

Answer 39

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and menisci of knee

Question 40

elastic cartilage is found

Answer 40

epiglottis, external ear, auditory tubes

Question 41

autoimmune and inflammatory disease of connective tissue. More common in women, signs: butterfly rash on face, complications with kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, GI tract and brain

Answer 41

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus)

Question 42

bone tissue