Ch. 3: Cell function (pg. 9-16) Flashcards
protein synth. consists of _______ and _______
transcription, translation
copying the DNA nucleotide sequence into mRNA is what and takes place where
transcription, nucleus
strand of DNA that serves as the template for mRNA synth. is known the _____ strand
sense
________ involves translating the _______ sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids forming a protein
translation, nucleotide
where does translation occur
ribosomes that’re free in the cytosol and upon the outer surface of the rough ER
the macromolecule that facilitates translation of mRNA into a polypeptide
transfer RNA (tRNA)
a specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides read together
codon
each codon is matched up with an ____ ____ from the tRNA
amino acid
a sequence of nucleotides on a chrom. coding for a particular protein
gene
two copies of a gene that come from mom and dad
alleles
if 2 alleles are the same they’re ______
homozygous
if 2 alleles are different they’re ______
heterozygous
if you need two mutant or faulty forms of an allele to exhibit the disorder, the disorder is _______
recessive
if you only need one mutant or faulty form of an allele to exhibit a disorder, the disorder is ________
dominant
a person who has one mutant allele and one normal allele and doesn’t exhibit a disorder or disease they are known as _______
carriers
the 22 pairs of chroms.
autosomes
23rd pair of chroms.
sex chroms.
if the mutant allele is associated with the X-chrom. a ____-______ disorder occurs
sex-linked
cell division is useful for (2)
cell growth: fertilized egg to zygote
cell repair: repair or replacement of damaged or dead cells
mitosis is _______ cell division
asexual
meiosis is _______ cell division
sexual
number of cell divisions in meiosis and mitosis
2 meiosis
1 mitosis
mitosis occurs in ____ cells
somatic
meiosis occurs in ______ cells
sex cells (of ovaries or testes)
