ch 20 cardiac emergencies Flashcards
(39 cards)
Where do the coronary arteries supply oxygen to?
The heart.
What is acute coronary syndrome (cardiac compromise)?
Blood supply to the cells of the heart is blocked/disrupted, and heart muscles die due to lack of oxygen.
What is ischemia?
Insufficient blood flow to a tissue.
What is syncope?
Fainting/loss of consciousness.
What can you do for a patient with acute coronary syndrome?
Administer 324 mg of Asprin (4 baby Asprin).
What is the dosage of baby Asprin?
324mg, 4 baby asprin.
Name 5 contraindications for administering Asprin.
1- Risk of aspiration
2- Already consumed a full dose
3- Asprin allergy
4- Recent GI bleed
5- On blood thinners
What are 3 signs you should administer nitroglycerin?
1- Chest pain
2- History of cardiac issues
3- Nitroglycerin is prescribed
What is the dosage for Nitroglycerin?
0.4 mg repeated 5 minutes later.
What are 2 contraindications for administering nitroglycerin?
1- Low systolic BP
2- Patient is taking erectile dysfunction medications (within 48-72 hours)
What is coronary artery disease?
Arteries of the heart are narrowed/blocked.
What is angina pectoris?
Chest pain that is caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles.
What is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
Stable angina typically results from exertion, while unstable angina can come about spontaneously.
How does nitroglycerin work?
It dialates the blood vessels so the heard has less blood to pump.
What is a myocardial infarction?
A heart attack :(. Blood flow to the heart is blocked by a clot.
How should you treat angina pectoris?
Assume its a myocardial infarction until proven otherwise. Administer nitroglycerin and Asprin and transport.
What is an acute myocardial infarction?
Part of the heart muscles dies due to a lack of blood flow.
What is an aneurysm?
A rupture of a blood vessel.
What are 2 possible causes of an acute myocardial infarction?
Aneurysm or narrowing of a blood vessel causes a blockage.
What is thrombus?
The blockage of blood flow caused by the formation of a clot on the inner surface of a diseased artery, which can then break loose and form an embolism.
What is an embolism?
The blockage of a blood vessel caused by an embolus (often a blood clot).
The blockage of a coronary artery by a thrombus or embolism is a _____ ______ ______.
Acute myocardial infarction.
What are 4 things an acute myocardial infarction can cause?
1-Ischemia
2- Dysrhythmias
3- Cardiogenic Shock
4- Sudden death
What is Ischemia?
Lack of blood flow to a certain part of the body.
