ch 29 bleeding and shock

Question 1

arteries carry blood _____ the heart

Answer 1

away from

Question 2

what do arteries use to enable dilation and constriction

Answer 2

thick and muscular walls

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

microscopic, exchange site

oxygen passes through the walls of capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide in cells

Question 4

veins _____ the heart

Answer 4

to

Question 5

how do veins prevent back flow of blood

Answer 5

one-way valves

Question 6

perfusion

Answer 6

adequate circulation of blood through the body

Question 7

hypoperfusion

Answer 7

inadequate circulation of tissues and organs

Question 8

4 causes of shock

Answer 8

blood volume problems, heart problems, blood vessel tone problems, obstruction of blood flow

Question 9

absolute hypovolemia

Answer 9

blood is lost

Question 10

blood pressure _____ during hypovolemic shock

Answer 10

drops

Question 11

hemorrhagic shock

Answer 11

loss of blood

Question 12

relative hypovolemia

Answer 12

plasma is removed from circulatory system

Question 13

pump problems lead to which kind of shock

Answer 13

Cardiogenic shock

Question 14

all blood vessels dilate at the same time is what kind of shock

Answer 14

distributive shock

Question 15

3 types of distributive shock

Answer 15

anaphylactic, neurogenic and septic shock

Question 16

what kind of shock is blood flow blockage

Answer 16

obstructive shock

Question 17

what could cause obstructive shock

Answer 17

pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax

Question 18

what stimulates release of epi and norepi

Answer 18

baroreceptors

Question 19

what happens when epi or norepi are released

Answer 19

vessels contrict
skin is cool and pale and sweaty
less urine
nausea
increased hr

Question 20

_____ aims to restore blood flow

Answer 20

compensation

Question 21

how does compensation attempt to restore blood flow

Answer 21

regulates volume
vasoconstriction cardiopulmonary response

Question 22

pediatrics rely on _____ to compensate for shock NOT BP

Answer 22

hr

Question 23

when does decompensated shock occur

Answer 23

muscles run out of fuel for compensation

Question 24

vitals for decompensated shock

Answer 24

low BP, AMS, low hr, low RR

Question 25

irreversible shock

Answer 25

organs fail leading to apnea and cardiac arrest

Question 26

normal cap refill

Answer 26

<2 seconds

Question 27

what is the deadly triad of trauma

Answer 27

acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy

Question 28

how do you treat the deadly trauma triad

Answer 28

transport, administer oxygen, keep warm, supine, ALS

Question 29

junctional hemorrhage

Answer 29

occurs where appendages meet trunk (large arteries and veins are not well protected)

Question 30

when would you wound pack?

Answer 30

junctional areas

Question 31

hemostatic agents are best suited for...

Answer 31

wound packing

Question 32

always position an injured extremity _____ the heart, unless there is an ____ ____

Answer 32

above; impaled object

Question 33

signs of internal bleeding

Answer 33

surface injuries, bruising over vital organs, deformities, bleeding (mouth, rectum, vagina), abdo tenderness, coffee grounds, dark tarry stool, signs of shock

Question 34

patient care for internal and external bleeding

Answer 34

control bleeding, apply splints, keep warm, oxygen, transport