ch 6 anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

Gives the body shape
Protects internal organs
Provides for body movement

Question 2

How many vertebrae encase the spinal cord?

Answer 2

33.

Question 3

What does the thorax consist of?

Answer 3

12 ribs and sternum.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the spinal cord?

Answer 4

It is essential for movement, sensation, and vital functions.

Question 5

What is the purpose of the thorax?

Answer 5

Too protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.

Question 6

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

7.

Question 7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

12.

Question 8

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

What are the 2 bones at the bottom of the vertebral column?

Answer 9

Sacrum and Coccyx.

Question 10

What are the 2 types of joints?

Answer 10

Ball-and-socket
Hinge

Question 11

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 11

A flap of cartilage that closes over the windpipe when you swallow to prevent food from entering your lungs.

Question 12

When inhalation occurs, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles _____, the diaphragm moves _____ and the ribs move _____.

Answer 12

contract; downward; upwards and outwards.

Question 13

_____ pressure pulls air into the lungs.

Answer 13

negative.

Question 14

During exhalation, diaphragm and intercostal muscles _____, and ______ pressure pushes air out of the lungs.

Answer 14

relax; positive.

Question 15

What is ventilation?

Answer 15

The movement of gases to and from alveoli.

Question 16

What is respiration?

Answer 16

An exchange of gases between cells and the bloodstream.

Question 17

The heart is made up of 4 chambers, including…

Answer 17

2 atria (upper) and 2 ventricles (lower).

Question 18

What is the pathway of blood through the heart?

Answer 18

Right atrium -> right ventricle -> left atrium -> left ventricle.

Question 19

List major arteries.

Answer 19

1- Coronary arteries
2- aorta
3- pulmonary artery
4- carotid artery
5- femoral artery
6- brachial artery
7- radial artery
8- posterior tibial artery
9- dorsalis pedis artery

Question 20

What causes the feel of pulsing when you press an artery against a bone?

Answer 20

The pressure of blood flowing down an artery when the left ventricle contracts.

Question 21

What is a blood pressure?

Answer 21

The force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels.

Question 22

What is the systolic (top) reading?

Answer 22

Arterial pressure when the left ventricle contracts.

Question 23

What is the diastolic (bottom) reading?

Answer 23

Pressure when the left ventricles refills.

Question 24

What is perfusion?

Answer 24

An adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body.

Question 25

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

To capture fluid and maintain fluid balance.

Question 26

On a woman who has had a mastectomy, where should blood pressure be taken?

Answer 26

On the opposite side of where the mastectomy has been performed.

Question 27

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 27

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 28

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 28

Sensory nerves and motor nerves.

Question 29

What does the digestive system consist of (mainly)?

Answer 29

Stomach, small intestines and large intestine.

Question 30

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 30

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous.

Question 31

What is the name of the glands that secrete epinephrine?

Answer 31

Adrenal glands.

Question 32

What is another name for the renal system?

Answer 32

The urinary system.

Question 33

The _____ transport urine to the bladder from the kidneys. The _____ excretes urine from the body.

Answer 33

Ureters; urethra.