ch 28 hematologic and renal emergencies

Question 1

the most rapid and initial response to bleeding is

Answer 1

aggregation of platelets

Question 2

clotting factors

Answer 2

group of protiens in the liver that are released into the blood stream to aid in clotting

Question 3

coagulopathies

Answer 3

abnormal clotting of blood

Question 4

when do coagulopathies occur?

Answer 4

body clots too rapidly or too slowly

Question 5

what diseases make patients prone to bad clotting?

Answer 5

advanced liver disease hemophilia, von willebrand disease

Question 6

anemia

Answer 6

lack of normal amount of RBSs in circulation

Question 7

acute anemia

Answer 7

sudden blood loss

Question 8

chronic anemia

Answer 8

recurring heavy menstrual periods, slow GI bleed, bone marrow diseases

Question 9

sickle cell anemia

Answer 9

weird shaped blood cells that cannot carry things as easily, more common in people of African descent

Question 10

complications from sickle cell anemia

Answer 10

destruction of spleen, acute chest syndrome, priapism, stroke, jaundice

Question 11

components of renal system

Answer 11

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urethra

Question 12

what do kidneys do

Answer 12

filter blood, remove waste, maintain fluid balance

Question 13

UTI

Answer 13

infection caused by bacteria

Question 14

pyelonephritis

Answer 14

UTI ascends ureter and into kidney

Question 15

symptoms of UTI

Answer 15

pain and frequent urination

Question 16

what are kidney stones made of?

Answer 16

calcium that builds up in the kidney

Question 17

when do kidney stones become painful?

Answer 17

when they get dislodged

Question 18

where is kidney stone pain

Answer 18

Unilateral flank pain

Question 19

why would a patient need a urinary catheter

Answer 19

bladder flow is obstructed, neurologic disorder

Question 20

renal failure

Answer 20

kidneys lose the ability to filter and remove toxins

Question 21

what does acute renal failure usually result from

Answer 21

shock, or ingesting smth toxic

Question 22

what does chronic renal failure usually result from

Answer 22

genetics, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension

Question 23

dialysis

Answer 23

filters waste from the blood artificially

Question 24

hemodialysis

Answer 24

blood is filtered outside of the body

Question 25

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 25

lining of the abdomen is used to filter waste products fluid infused into abdo cavity and left there to absorb waste and fluid

Question 26

2 types of access to blood circulation

Answer 26

2 port catheter, A-V fistula

Question 27

feel of A-V fistula when palpated

Answer 27

thrill

Question 28

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Answer 28

type of peritoneal dialysis that is repeated several times a day, gravity exchange

Question 29

continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)

Answer 29

machine fills and empties abdo cavity while patient sleeps

Question 30

ESRD

Answer 30

end stage renal disease

Question 31

symptoms of ESRD complications

Answer 31

shortness of breath, edema, electrolyte disturbance, recently missed dialysis

Question 32

care for ESRD patient who missed dialysis

Answer 32

position of comfort, give oxygen, consider CPAP, transport to dialysis center

Question 33

possible complications of dialysis

Answer 33

bleeding clotting or blood infection from A-V fistula site

Question 34

care for patient with ESRD dialysis complications

Answer 34

control bleeding, give oxygen, treat for shock,