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BIOL 1407 > CH 21 > Flashcards

CH 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Alveolates that are nonmotile, heterotrophic, all parasitic, and form infectious spores

A

Apicomplexans,

ex: Plasmodium

(causes malaria)

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2
Q

Which Excavates cause GI illness (diarrhea / nausea / vomiting / cramps / hydration) from drinking infected water?

A

Giardia (Diplomonads)

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3
Q

3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):

w____ _____,

d______,

b____ a____

A

3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):

Water molds,

Diatoms,

Brown algae

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4
Q

What can happen when dinoflagellates reproduce rapidly?

A

red tides

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5
Q

Which protist groups include seaweeds?

_____, ____, and _____ _____

A

Which protist groups include seaweeds?

Brown, Red, and Green Algae

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6
Q

2 subgroups of Excavates:

D_________,

P_________

A

2 subgroups of Excavates:

Diplomonads,

Parabasalids

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7
Q

A shared characteristic of all algae is ____________.

A

A shared characteristic of all algae is photosynthesis.

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8
Q

________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans

that form a __________ (slug-like mass).

ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)

A

Acellular slime molds are amoebozoans

that form a plasmodium (slug-like mass).

ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)

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9
Q

_____________ perform 50% of all photosynthesis.

A

Phytoplankton perform 50% of all photosynthesis.

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10
Q

_________ are long chains of cells in green algae.

A

Spyrogyra are long chains of cells in green algae.

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11
Q

Modes of nutrition of protists:

_______ _______

_____ _____

___________

A

Modes of nutrition of protists:

absorb nutrients

ingest food

photosynthesis

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12
Q

D___________ are excavates that

lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.

ex: Giardia

A

Diplomonads are excavates that

lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.

ex: Giardia

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13
Q

Which protists are more closely related to plants?

A

Green Algae

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14
Q

________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans that form _______________.

ex: Dictyostelium

A

Cellular slime molds are amoebozoans that form pseudoplasmodium.

ex: Dictyostelium

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15
Q

_________ are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.

ex: Euglena

A

Euglenids are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.

ex: Euglena

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16
Q

_______ are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,

are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.

ex: Navicula

A

Diatoms are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,

are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.

ex: Navicula

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17
Q

Which protists have 2 perpendicularly arranged flagella?

A

Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)

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18
Q

2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:

____ ______ (in soil, decompose ____ _____ _____),

________

A

2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:

free living (in soil, decompose dead organic matter),

parasites

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19
Q

Which protists have shells of silica?

R____________ (Rhizarians),

D______ (Stremenopiles)

A

Which protists have shells of silica?

Radiolarians (Rhizarian),

Diatoms (Stremenopile)

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20
Q

Which protists can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic?

A

Euglenids (Euglenazoan)

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21
Q

_______ are colonies of green algae.

A

Volvox are colonies of green algae.

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22
Q

____________ are euglenozoans

that are heterotrophic,

and free-living or parasitic.

ex: ____________ (African sleeping sickness)

A

Kinetoplastids are euglenozoans

that are heterotrophic,

and free-living or parasitic.

ex: Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)

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23
Q

____________ are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).

(______ ____ - African sleeping sickness)

A

Trypanosoma are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).

(tsetse flies - African sleeping sickness)

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24
Q

_________ _________ occurs when

a non-photosynthetic protist

engulfs a _________, _______ containing protist

that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

A

Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when

a non-photosynthetic protist

engulfs a photosynthetic, chloroplast containing protist

that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

25
Q

______ are amoebozoans

with thick _________ & no shells.

ex: Amoeba

A

Amoebas are amoebozoans

with thick pseudopods & no shells.

ex: Amoeba

26
Q

The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are:

E________ & K__________

A

The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are:

Euglenids & Kinetoplastids

27
Q

In marine ecosystems, _________ are imporant as

a food source for larger organisms,

and as ____________ (phytoplankton).

A

In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates are imporant as

a food source for larger organisms,

and as photosynthesizers (phytoplankton).

28
Q

Protists are difficult to classify because they

can be unicellular, _________, or ______;

some are _____-like, some _____-like, some _____-like;

can be ___-_____ or live with/in/on another organism.

A

Protists are difficult to classify because they

can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial;

some are plant-like, some animal-like, some fungi-like;

can be free-living or live with/in/on another organism.

29
Q

F_______________ are protists that have

shells of calcium carbonate.

A

Foraminiferans are protists that have

shells of calcium carbonate.

30
Q

P___________ are excavates

that lack mitochondria

and are heterotrophic symbionts.

ex: Trichomonas

A

Parabasolids are excavates

that lack mitochondria

and are heterotrophic symbionts.

ex: Trichomonas

31
Q

Which protists cause red tides?

A

Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)

32
Q

____ _____ are a group of protists

that are nonmotile, photosynthetic,

may deposit calcium carbonate,

and are found in tropical waters.

ex: ________ (nori)

A

Red Algae are a group of protists

that are nonmotile, photosynthetic,

may deposit calcium carbonate,

and are found in tropical waters.

ex: Porphyra (nori)

33
Q

The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are:

_______,

_________ slime molds,

_________ slime molds

A

The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are:

Amoebas,

Acellular slime molds,

Cellular slime molds

34
Q

Which protist group consists entirely of parasitic forms?

A

apicomplexans

35
Q

_______________ are rhizarians

with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells.

ex: Giobigerina

A

Foraminiferans are rhizarians

with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells.

ex: Giobigerina

36
Q

Life cycle of Plasmodium (Alveolate Apicomplexan):

Resides in ________,

________ bites human,

develops in _____,

makes spores in ____,

causes ______ upon release,

______ bites ______ person,

carries it to ____ ______

A

Life cycle of Plasmodium (Alveolate Apicomplexan):

Resides in mosquito,

mosquito bites human,

develops in liver,

makes spores in RBC,

causes fever upon release,

mosquito bites infected person,

carries it to next person

37
Q

The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are:

D__________,

A__________,

C_____

A

The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are:

Dinoflagellates,

Apicomplexans,

Ciliates

38
Q

Which protist groups include species

that use pseudopods?

R_________ & A____________

A

Which protist groups include species

that use pseudopods?

Rhizarians & Amoebazoans

39
Q

____________ are alveolates that are

photosynthetic, ____________,

have perpendicular ______,

contribute to phytoplankton,

and can cause red tides

ex: Gonyaulax

A

Dinoflagellates are alveolates that are

photosynthetic, bioluminescent,

have perpendicular flagella,

contribute to phytoplankton,

and can cause red tides

ex: Gonyaulax

40
Q

_______ is a photosynthetic Euglenid

with whipping flagellum.

A

Euglena is a photosynthetic Euglenid

with whipping flagellum.

41
Q

______ ______ are protists that are photosynthetic,

closely related to _____, and found mostly in ________.

A

Green Algae are protists that are photosynthetic,

closely related to plants, and found mostly in freshwater.

42
Q

Red tides cause ____ ____ and

accumulation of _____ ______ in shellfish

that is lethal to ______ if consumed.

A

Red tides cause fish kills and

accumulation of nerve poison in shellfish

that is lethal to humans if consumed.

43
Q

2 types of parabasalids:

___________ (ex: in guts of termites),

________ (ex: Trichomonas vaginalis)

A

2 types of parabasalids:

mutualistic (ex: in guts of termites),

parasitic (ex: Trichomonas vaginalis)

44
Q

Products from red algae include

___________, ____, and ____.

A

Products from red algae include

carrageenan, agar, and nori.

45
Q

K___________ are multiple copies

of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.

A

Kinetoplasts are multiple copies

of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.

46
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium (Apicomplexan)

47
Q

______ ______ are stramenopiles

that are hetertrophic & filamentous.

ex: Plasmopara (downy mildew)

A

Water molds are stramenopiles

that are hetertrophic & filamentous.

ex: Plasmopara (downy mildew)

48
Q

Which Excavates have 2 nuclei & multiple flagella?

A

Diplomonads

49
Q

________ are alveolates

that have cilia, are heterotrophic,

and include the most complex single cells.

ex: P__________

A

Ciliates are alveolates

that have cilia, are heterotrophic,

and include the most complex single cells.

ex: Paramecium

50
Q

Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation):

use _________ to surround/engulf,

may use _____,

have food ________

A

Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation):

use pseudopods to surround/engulf,

may use cilia,

have food vacuoles

51
Q

Protists can reproduce via

______ ____ ________, or

__________ (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).

A

Protists can reproduce via

mitotic cell division, or

conjugation (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).

52
Q

Main groups of Protista:

A______,

A_________,

E______,

E_________,

G____ ____,

R___ ____,

R_________,

S__________

A

Main groups of Protista:

Alveolates,

Amoebazoans,

Excavates,

Euglenazoans,

Green Algae,

Red Algae,

Rhizarians,

Stramenopiles

53
Q

What is the major ecological role

played by single-celled algae?

A

photosynthesis

54
Q

Which protists are slime molds?

A

Acellular & Cellular Slime Molds

(Amoebazoans)

55
Q

2 subgroups of Rhizarians:

F______________,

R___________

A

2 subgroups of Rhizarians:

Foraminiferans,

Radiolarians

56
Q

Which protists contribute to phytoplankton?

________ (Stramenopiles)

______________ (Alveolates)

A

Which protists contribute to phytoplankton?

Diatoms (Stramenopile),

Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)

57
Q

____________ are rhizarians

with thin pseudopods & silica shells.

ex: Actinomma

A

Radiolarians are rhizarians

with thin pseudopods & silica shells.

ex: Actinomma

58
Q

Which protists can be photosynthetic?

______, ______, & ______ ______

E________

D______

D__________

A

Which protists can be photosynthetic?

Brown, Red, & Green Algae,

Euglenids,

Diatoms,

Dinoflagellates

BIOL 1407 (10 decks)

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