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BIOL 1407 > CH 21 > Flashcards

CH 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Alveolates that are nonmotile, heterotrophic, all parasitic, and form infectious spores

A

Apicomplexans,

ex: Plasmodium

(causes malaria)

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2
Q

Which Excavates cause GI illness (diarrhea / nausea / vomiting / cramps / hydration) from drinking infected water?

A

Giardia (Diplomonads)

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3
Q

3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):

w____ _____,

d______,

b____ a____

A

3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):

Water molds,

Diatoms,

Brown algae

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4
Q

What can happen when dinoflagellates reproduce rapidly?

A

red tides

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5
Q

Which protist groups include seaweeds?

_____, ____, and _____ _____

A

Which protist groups include seaweeds?

Brown, Red, and Green Algae

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6
Q

2 subgroups of Excavates:

D_________,

P_________

A

2 subgroups of Excavates:

Diplomonads,

Parabasalids

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7
Q

A shared characteristic of all algae is ____________.

A

A shared characteristic of all algae is photosynthesis.

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8
Q

________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans

that form a __________ (slug-like mass).

ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)

A

Acellular slime molds are amoebozoans

that form a plasmodium (slug-like mass).

ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)

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9
Q

_____________ perform 50% of all photosynthesis.

A

Phytoplankton perform 50% of all photosynthesis.

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10
Q

_________ are long chains of cells in green algae.

A

Spyrogyra are long chains of cells in green algae.

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11
Q

Modes of nutrition of protists:

_______ _______

_____ _____

___________

A

Modes of nutrition of protists:

absorb nutrients

ingest food

photosynthesis

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12
Q

D___________ are excavates that

lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.

ex: Giardia

A

Diplomonads are excavates that

lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.

ex: Giardia

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13
Q

Which protists are more closely related to plants?

A

Green Algae

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14
Q

________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans that form _______________.

ex: Dictyostelium

A

Cellular slime molds are amoebozoans that form pseudoplasmodium.

ex: Dictyostelium

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15
Q

_________ are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.

ex: Euglena

A

Euglenids are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.

ex: Euglena

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16
Q

_______ are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,

are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.

ex: Navicula

A

Diatoms are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,

are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.

ex: Navicula

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17
Q

Which protists have 2 perpendicularly arranged flagella?

A

Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)

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18
Q

2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:

____ ______ (in soil, decompose ____ _____ _____),

________

A

2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:

free living (in soil, decompose dead organic matter),

parasites

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19
Q

Which protists have shells of silica?

R____________ (Rhizarians),

D______ (Stremenopiles)

A

Which protists have shells of silica?

Radiolarians (Rhizarian),

Diatoms (Stremenopile)

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20
Q

Which protists can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic?

A

Euglenids (Euglenazoan)

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21
Q

_______ are colonies of green algae.

A

Volvox are colonies of green algae.

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22
Q

____________ are euglenozoans

that are heterotrophic,

and free-living or parasitic.

ex: ____________ (African sleeping sickness)

A

Kinetoplastids are euglenozoans

that are heterotrophic,

and free-living or parasitic.

ex: Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)

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23
Q

____________ are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).

(______ ____ - African sleeping sickness)

A

Trypanosoma are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).

(tsetse flies - African sleeping sickness)

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24
Q

_________ _________ occurs when

a non-photosynthetic protist

engulfs a _________, _______ containing protist

that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

Study These Flashcards
A

Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when

a non-photosynthetic protist

engulfs a photosynthetic, chloroplast containing protist

that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

25
**\_\_\_\_\_\_** are amoebozoans with thick **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** & no shells. ex: *Amoeba*
**Amoebas** are amoebozoans with thick **pseudopods** & no shells. ex: *Amoeba*
26
The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are: **E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ &** **K\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are: **Euglenids &** **Kinetoplastids**
27
In marine ecosystems, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are imporant as a food source for larger organisms, and as **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (phytoplankton).
In marine ecosystems, **dinoflagellates** are imporant as a food source for larger organisms, and as **photosynthesizers** (phytoplankton).
28
Protists are difficult to classify because they can be unicellular, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, or **\_\_\_\_\_\_**; some are **\_\_\_\_\_**-like, some **\_\_\_\_\_**-like, some **\_\_\_\_\_**-like; can be **\_\_\_**-**\_\_\_\_\_** or live with/in/on another organism.
Protists are difficult to classify because they can be unicellular, **multicellular**, or **colonial**; some are **plant**-like, some **animal**-like, some **fungi**-like; can be **free**-**living** or live with/in/on another organism.
29
**F\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are protists that have shells of calcium carbonate.
**Foraminiferans** are protists that have shells of calcium carbonate.
30
**P\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are excavates that lack mitochondria and are heterotrophic symbionts. ex: *Trichomonas*
**Parabasolids** are excavates that lack mitochondria and are heterotrophic symbionts. ex: *Trichomonas*
31
Which protists cause red tides?
Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)
32
**\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_** are a group of protists that are nonmotile, photosynthetic, may deposit calcium carbonate, and are found in tropical waters. ex: ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** (nori)
**Red Algae** are a group of protists that are nonmotile, photosynthetic, may deposit calcium carbonate, and are found in tropical waters. ex: ***Porphyra*** (nori)
33
The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are: ## Footnote **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ slime molds,** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ slime molds**
The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are: ## Footnote **Amoebas,** **Acellular slime molds,** **Cellular slime molds**
34
Which protist group consists entirely of parasitic forms?
apicomplexans
35
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are rhizarians with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells. ex: *Giobigerina*
**Foraminiferans** are rhizarians with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells. ex: *Giobigerina*
36
Life cycle of *Plasmodium* (Alveolate Apicomplexan): Resides in **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** bites human, develops in **\_\_\_\_\_**, makes spores in **\_\_\_\_**, causes **\_\_\_\_\_\_** upon release, **\_\_\_\_\_\_** bites **\_\_\_\_\_\_** person, carries it to **\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_**
Life cycle of *Plasmodium* (Alveolate Apicomplexan): Resides in **mosquito**, **mosquito** bites human, develops in **liver**, makes spores in **RBC**, causes **fever** upon release, **mosquito** bites **infected** person, carries it to **next** **person**
37
The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are: ## Footnote **D\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **A\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **C\_\_\_\_\_**
The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are: ## Footnote **Dinoflagellates,** **Apicomplexans,** **Ciliates**
38
Which protist groups include species that use pseudopods? **R\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & A\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
Which protist groups include species that use pseudopods? **Rhizarians & Amoebazoans**
39
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are alveolates that are photosynthetic, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, have perpendicular **\_\_\_\_\_\_**, contribute to phytoplankton, and can cause red tides ex: *Gonyaulax*
**Dinoflagellates** are alveolates that are photosynthetic, **bioluminescent**, have perpendicular **flagella**, contribute to phytoplankton, and can cause red tides ex: *Gonyaulax*
40
***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** is a photosynthetic Euglenid with whipping flagellum.
***Euglena*** is a photosynthetic Euglenid with whipping flagellum.
41
**\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_** are protists that are photosynthetic, closely related to **\_\_\_\_\_**, and found mostly in **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
**Green Algae** are protists that are photosynthetic, closely related to **plants**, and found mostly in **freshwater**.
42
Red tides cause **\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_** and accumulation of **\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_** in shellfish that is lethal to **\_\_\_\_\_\_** if consumed.
Red tides cause **fish** **kills** and accumulation of **nerve** **poison** in shellfish that is lethal to **humans** if consumed.
43
2 types of parabasalids: **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (ex: in guts of termites), **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (ex: *Trichomonas vaginalis*)
2 types of parabasalids: **mutualistic** (ex: in guts of termites), **parasitic** (ex: *Trichomonas vaginalis*)
44
Products from red algae include **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_**, and **\_\_\_\_**.
Products from red algae include **carrageenan**, **agar**, and **nori**.
45
**K\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.
**Kinetoplasts** are multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.
46
What causes malaria?
*Plasmodium* (Apicomplexan)
47
**\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_** are stramenopiles that are hetertrophic & filamentous. ex: *Plasmopara* (downy mildew)
**Water molds** are stramenopiles that are hetertrophic & filamentous. ex: *Plasmopara* (downy mildew)
48
Which Excavates have 2 nuclei & multiple flagella?
Diplomonads
49
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are alveolates that have cilia, are heterotrophic, and include the most complex single cells. ex: ***P\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***
**Ciliates** are alveolates that have cilia, are heterotrophic, and include the most complex single cells. ex: ***Paramecium***
50
Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation): use **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** to surround/engulf, may use **\_\_\_\_\_**, have food **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation): use **pseudopods** to surround/engulf, may use **cilia**, have food **vacuoles**
51
Protists can reproduce via **\_\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, or **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).
Protists can reproduce via **mitotic** **cell** **division**, or **conjugation** (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).
52
Main groups of Protista: ## Footnote **A\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **A\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **E\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **G\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_,** **R\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_,** **R\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **S\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
Main groups of Protista: ## Footnote **Alveolates,** **Amoebazoans,** **Excavates,** **Euglenazoans,** **Green Algae,** **Red Algae,** **Rhizarians,** **Stramenopiles**
53
What is the major ecological role played by single-celled algae?
photosynthesis
54
Which protists are slime molds?
Acellular & Cellular Slime Molds | (Amoebazoans)
55
2 subgroups of Rhizarians: ## Footnote **F\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,** **R\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
2 subgroups of Rhizarians: ## Footnote **Foraminiferans,** **Radiolarians**
56
Which protists contribute to phytoplankton? **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (Stramenopiles) **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (Alveolates)
Which protists contribute to phytoplankton? **Diatoms** (Stramenopile), **Dinoflagellates** (Alveolate)
57
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are rhizarians with thin pseudopods & silica shells. ex: *Actinomma*
**Radiolarians** are rhizarians with thin pseudopods & silica shells. ex: *Actinomma*
58
Which protists can be photosynthetic? ## Footnote **\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, & ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_** **E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **D\_\_\_\_\_\_** **D\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
Which protists can be photosynthetic? ## Footnote **Brown, Red, & Green Algae,** **Euglenids,** **Diatoms,** **Dinoflagellates**

BIOL 1407 (10 decks)

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