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BIOL 1407 > EXAM 3 - CH 24 & 25 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 - CH 24 & 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of animals have a fluid-filled body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm?

A

pseudocoelomates

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2
Q

Hard corals secrete exoskeletons made of _______ _________.

A

Hard corals secrete exoskeletons made of

calcium carbonate.

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3
Q

The phylum Porifera includes _______.

A

The phylum Porifera includes sponges.

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4
Q

Examples of protostomes include

r________, a_________, f________,

a_______, and m_______.

(N________, A________, P___________,

A________, and M________)

A

Examples of protostomes include

roundworms, arthropods, flatworms,

annelids, and mollusks.

(Nematoda, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes,

Annelida, Mollusca)

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5
Q

__________ (clams, scallops, oysters, mussels)

live in _____ & _____ ______, are _____ feeders,

have gills for _______ & _______,

and have a _______ ____

for burrowing or attachment to rocks.

A

Bivalves (clams, scallops, oysters, mussels)

live in fresh & marine waters, are filter feeders,

have gills for feeding & respiration,

and have a muscular foot

for burrowing or attachment to rocks.

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6
Q

Early groups of ________ had

modified ______ ____ that could be used to drag

themselves from a drying puddle to a deeper pool,

giving rise to rise to the first vertebrates

to invade land – ________ (tetrapods).

A

Early groups of lungfishes had

modified fleshy fins that could be used to drag

themselves from a drying puddle to a deeper pool,

giving rise to rise to the first vertebrates

to invade land – amphibians (tetrapods).

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7
Q

Cnidarians with the _____ body plan have a

bell-shaped body and are ____-________.

A

Cnidarians with the medusa body plan have a

bell-shaped body and are free-floating.

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8
Q

How many chambers do the bird

and mammal heart have?

A

4

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9
Q

Arthropoda are ___________ - their bodies are

covered by an outer layer that is periodically shed.

A

Arthropoda are ecdysozoans - their bodies are

covered by an outer layer that is periodically shed.

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10
Q

Cephalopods include o_________,

n_________, c_________, & s______.

A

Cephalopods include octopuses,

nautiluses, cuttlefish, & squids.

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11
Q

Arthropods have an _____ circulatory system,

breathe via ______ (crustaceans),

______ (terrestrials), or ____ ____ (arachnids),

have a ______ nervous system,

and well-developed sensory structures such as

______ & ______ receptors and ______ eyes.

A

Arthropods have an open circulatory system,

breathe via gills (crustaceans),

tracheae (terrestrials), or book lungs (arachnids),

have a complex nervous system,

and well-developed sensory structures such as

chemical & tactile receptors and compound eyes.

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12
Q

Platyhelminthes (_________) have a

nervous system composed of a simple brain,

or _______, and ladder-like _____ _____

that run the length of their bodies.

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) have a

nervous system composed of a simple brain,

or ganglia, and ladder-like nerve cords

that run the length of their bodies.

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13
Q

How many chambers does

the amphibian heart have?

A

3

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14
Q

Organisms with _______ symmetry can be

divided into roughly equal halves by any plane

that passes through the _______ axis.

A

Organisms with radial symmetry can be

divided into roughly equal halves by any plane

that passes through the center axis.

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15
Q

Ctenophora, or ____ _______,

live in _______ waters,

have a ___________ diet,

do not have sting cells,

and are mostly ______________.

A

Ctenophora, or comb jellies,

live in coastal waters,

have a carnivorous diet,

do not have sting cells,

and are mostly hermaphroditic.

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16
Q

What type of symmetry does a sea star have?

A

Bilateral symmetry as larvae;

radial symmetry as adults

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17
Q

Lungfishes and coelacanths are fishes

in the class _____________.

A

Lungfishes and coelacanths are fishes

in the class Osteichthyes.

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18
Q

Echinoderms exhibit _________ symmetry in the

larvae stage but _________ symmetry as adults.

A

Echinoderms exhibit bilateral symmetry in the

larvae stage but radial symmetry as adults.

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19
Q

Lancelets and sea squirts are invertebrate _____.

A

Lancelets & sea squirts are invertebrate chordates.

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20
Q

Insects, arachnids, myriapods (centi/millipedes), &

crustaceans are all in the class ________.

A

Insects, arachnids, myriapods (centi/millipedes),

& crustaceans are all in the class Arthropoda.

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21
Q

The phylum Platyhelminthes includes _________.

A

The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms

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22
Q

How many chambers does the reptilian heart have?

A

3 (modified)

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23
Q

During development in ___________,

body cavity forms as an outgrowth of

the digestive cavity.

A

During development in deuterostomes,

body cavity forms as an outgrowth of

the digestive cavity.

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24
Q

Which jawless fishes produce massive amounts of slime as a defense mechanism?

A

Hagfishes

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25
Q

The phylum Ctenophora includes ____ _______.

A

comb jellies

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26
Q

Which of the following would be useless for

determining whether a horse is more related

to a pig or a human?

comparison of: vestigial structures, DNA,

analagous structures, or homologous structures

A

comparison of analogous structures

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27
Q

Examples of deuterostomes include

e_________ & c________.

A

echinoderms, chordates

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28
Q

When a polyp dies within a coral reef,

the ________ remains, and new ______

continue building the colony.

A

When a polyp dies within a coral reef,

the skeleton remains, and new polyps

continue building the colony.

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29
Q

The phylum Echinodermata includes

s__ _____, s__ _______, and s__ _________.

A

sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

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30
Q

Organisms with radial symmetry tend to be _______ or _______ on _______.

A

Organisms with radial symmetry tend to be

sessile or drift on currents.

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31
Q

Major milestones in animal evolution:

►appearance of ______

(______– no tissue, all other animals – tissue);

►appearance of ______ ______

(Cnidaria & Ctenophora – ______,

all remaining animals – bilateral);

►______ & ______development –

(e_________ & l____________ – protosomes;

e_________ & c__________ – deuterostomes)

A

Major milestones in animal evolution:

►appearance of tissues

(sponges– no tissue, all other animals – tissue);

►appearance of body symmetry

(Cnidaria & Ctenophora – radial,

all remaining animals – bilateral);

►protosome & deuterosome development –

(ecdysozoans & lophotrosozoans – protosomes;

echinodermates & chordates – deuterostomes)

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32
Q

Which embryonic germ layer covers the body,

lines inner cavities, and forms the nervous system?

A

ectoderm

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33
Q

Among myriapods, what differentiates

a millipede from a centipede?

A

Millipedes have 2 legs per segment,

Centipedes have 1 leg per segment.

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34
Q

Cnidarians have 2 body types:

_______ (tubular) & _______ (bell-shaped).

A

Cnidarians have 2 body types:

Polyp (tubular) & medusa (bell-shaped).

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35
Q

Organisms with radial symmetry have

___ embryonic _______ _______.

A

Organisms with radial symmetry have

2 embryonic germ layers.

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36
Q

The phylum Nematoda includes __________.

A

roundworms

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37
Q

__________ (Annelida / Oligochaeta),

live in moist __________ habitats.

A

Earthworms (Annelida / Oligochaeta),

live in moist terrestrial habitats.

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38
Q

Body cavities act as a _________,

providing support, as a buffer between

________ ______ & the ________ _____,

and allow _____ to move independently

of the body wall.

A

Body cavities act as a skeleton,

providing support, as a buffer between

internal organs & the external world,

and allow organs to move independently

of the body wall.

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39
Q

How many chambers does the fish heart have?

A

2

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40
Q

What are the two classes (common names)

that are included in the group of Jawless Fishes?

A

lampreys, hagfishes

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41
Q

Animals with _______ symmetry exhibit

_________, the concentration of sensory organs

& a brain in a well-defined head,

with definite _______ and _______ regions.

A

Animals with bilateral symmetry exhibit

cephalization, the concentration of sensory organs

& a brain in a well-defined head,

with definite anterior and posterior regions.

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42
Q

Two main phyla in Ecdysozoa are

_________ & ________.

A

Two main phyla in Ecdysozoa are

Nematoda & Arthropoda.

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43
Q

In Annelida, segmentation allows for

_____ ________; each segment contains

identical copies of ______, _______ _________,

(________ & ______), and __________.

A

In Annelida, segmentation allows for

complex movement; each segment contains

identical copies of nerves, excretory structures

(nephridia & pores), and muscles.

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44
Q

In general, which of the following

does NOT describe an animal?

autotroph, multicellular, ingest nutrients, eukaryotic

A

Autotroph

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45
Q

Cephalopods have tentacles with

_______ _______ and

suction disks for _______ and _______.

A

Cephalopods have tentacles with

chemosensory abilities and

suction disks for locomotion and predation.

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46
Q

The phylum Porifera includes _______

and is the only phylum of animals that

do not have _______systems.

A

The phylum Porifera includes sponges

and is the only phylum of animals that

do not have tissue systems.

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47
Q

How many chambers does the fish heart have?

A

2

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48
Q

What is the closest living relative of tetrapods?

A

lungfishes

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49
Q

Which invertebrate chordates exhibit all

chordate characteristics as larvae and adults?

A

Lancelets

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50
Q

Monotremes include the _______ and

_______ _______; the females lay _______ eggs

and _______ their hatchlings.

A

Monotremes include the platypus and

spiny anteater; the females lay leathery eggs

and nurse their hatchlings.

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51
Q

Annelida have ______ circulatory systems

and a nervous system composed of

paired _______ and paired ______ _____ _____.

A

Annelida have closed circulatory systems

and a nervous system composed of

paired ganglia and paired ventral nerve cords.

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52
Q

Mollusca are ______mates with a ________

that forms a gill chamber, secrete ______,

have _____ circulatory systems (most),

and nervous systems composed of

__________ & ______ ________.

A

Mollusca are coelomates with a mantle

that forms a gill chamber, secrete shells,

have open circulatory systems (most),

and nervous systems composed of

ganglia & ventral nerves.

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53
Q

_____ & _____ are examples of myriapods.

A

Centipedes, millipedes

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54
Q

How many chambers does the reptilian heart have?

A

3 (modified)

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55
Q

The phylum Mollusca includes

c_____, s______, o_________, and s_____.

A

clams, snails, octopuses, squid

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56
Q

What groups are included with

invertebrate chordates?

A

Lancelets, sea squirts.

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57
Q

The main anatomical features that mark

branch points on the animal evolutionary tree are

the appearance of ______,

the appearance of ____ ________,

and __________ & __________ development.

A

The main anatomical features that mark

branch points on the animal evolutionary tree are

the appearance of tissues,

the appearance of body symmetry,

and protostome & deuterostome development.

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58
Q

All chordates have a hollow _____ _____,

a _____, pharyngeal _____ _____,

and a post-anal _____.

A

All chordates have a hollow nerve cord,

a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits,

and a post-anal tail.

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59
Q

_____ (that provide flight control + insulation),

_____ _____ (that reduce skeletal weight),

a _____ _____ (females),

and _____ _____ (which free females

from carrying developing offspring)

are all adaptions for flight in birds.

A

Feathers (that provide flight control + insulation),

hollow bones (that reduce skeletal weight),

a single ovary (females),

and shelled eggs (which free females

from carrying developing offspring)

are all adaptions for flight in birds.

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60
Q

What are three types of mollusks?

A

gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods

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61
Q

Lobe-finned fishes evolved

(before / after) ray-finned fishes.

A

after

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62
Q

The main subgroups of mammals are

________, ________, and ________ ________.

A

monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals

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63
Q

Bivalves include

_______, _______, _______, & _______.

A

mussels, oysters, clams, scallops

64
Q

Bilateral animals can be divided into two main groups based on embryological development: __________ & __________

A

protostomes & deuterostomes

65
Q

What is one main characteristic that

differentiates animals from plants?

A

plants are autotrophic

66
Q

What are the two classes (common names)

that are included in the group of Jawless Fishes?

A

Lampreys & hagfishes

67
Q

What are the 3 clades of Chordata?

A

lancelets,

tunicates (sea squirts),

and craniates (hagfishes + vertebrates)

68
Q

Animals in which 2 phyla have

open circulatory systems?

A

Arthropoda, Mollusca

69
Q

The three subgroups of annelids are

O__________, P_________, and L________.

A

Oligochaetes, Polychaetes, Leeches

70
Q

What type of animals have a fluid-filled body

cavity completely lined with mesoderm?

A

coelomates

71
Q

Which phylum of animals exhibit bilateral symmetry

as larvae, but radial symmetry as adults?

A

Echinodermata

72
Q

Which animal has bilateral symmetry?

flatworm, jellyfish, coral, sea anemone

A

Flatworm

73
Q

Why would it be beneficial for a parasitic

flatworm to be hermaphroditic?

A

To be able to reproduce if no other flatworms

are around with which to mate

74
Q

Which jawless fishes have sucker like mouths

with rasping teeth on tongue used to

suck blood and body fluids?

A

Lampreys

75
Q

Flatworms lack circulatory and respiratory systems and exchange gas via ________.

A

Diffusion

76
Q

Which invertebrate chordates exhibit all chordate characteristics as larvae and adults?

A

Lancelets

77
Q

The phylum Annelida includes

___________ _____.

A

segmented worms.

78
Q

Vertebrates were able to invade most habitats

due to adaptations such as

an __________ that can grow & repair itself,

paired ________, and an increased size and

complexity of _______ and ______ ________.

A

Vertebrates were able to invade most habitats

due to adaptations such as

an endoskeleton that can grow & repair itself,

paired appendages, and an increased size and

complexity of brain and sensory structures.

79
Q

In animals with a __________ __________,

pressurized fluid fills the coelom and provides

support for organs and a framework

for muscle contractions.

A

hydrostatic skeleton

80
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Crustaceans are ecdysozoan arthropods.

A

TRUE

81
Q

The main subgroups of mammals are

_____, _____, and _____ _____.

A

Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placental Mammals

82
Q

Roundworms are free-living or parasitic,

ec___________, ps__________, ar_________

that have a _____ brain

& exchange gas via _______.

A

Roundworms are free-living or parasitic,

ecdysozoan, pseudocoelomate, arthropods

that have a simple brain

& exchange gas via diffusion.

83
Q

Animals with _____ symmetry typically develop

from two embryonic tissue layers.

A

radial

84
Q

__________ are freshwater inhabitants possessing

both _____ and _____ and can survive without

water by burrowing in mud and sealing

themselves in a _____ -_____ _____.

A

Lungfishes are freshwater inhabitants possessing

both gills and lungs and can survive without

water by burrowing in mud and sealing

themselves in a mucus-lined chamber.

85
Q

Arthropod bodies have three regions

with different functions:

_______ – feeding & sensing,

_______ – locomotion,

and _______ – digestion.

A

Arthropod bodies have three regions

with different functions:

Anterior – feeding & sensing,

Thorax – locomotion,

and Abdomen – digestion.

86
Q

From the groups of Annelida, Arthropoda,

Echinodermata, Chordata, and Mollusca,

which ones are “segmented”?

A

Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata

87
Q

In an ____ __________ system, blood reaches

organs by percolating through the ________.

A

In an open circulatory system, blood reaches

organs by percolating through the hemocoel.

88
Q

Cnidarians have _________ - coiled filaments

that are triggered when touched that may

stick to or entangle prey, and/or may inject

painful or lethal poison.

A

cnidocytes

89
Q

The phylum Cnidaria includes

_______, sea _______, sea ___________.

and _________ (tubularians).

A

The phylum Cnidaria includes

corals, sea jellies, sea anemones.

and hydrozoans (tubularians).

90
Q

The three prominent classes of mollusks are:

gastropods (_______ & ______),

bivalves (_____, _______, _______, _______), &

cephalopods (_________, _________,

_________, _____).

A

The three prominent classes of mollusks are:

gastropods (Snails & slugs),

bivalves (mussels, oysters, clams, scallops), &

cephalopods (octopuses, nautiluses,

cuttlefish, squids).

91
Q

Which embryonic germ layer is located between

the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscle, and

forms circulatory & skeletal systems when present?

A

mesoderm

92
Q

Organisms with radial symmetry have ___ embryonic germ layers: _____________

A

2: endoderm & ectoderm

93
Q

All organisms in the superphylum ________

periodically molt, or shed, their outer layer.

A

Ecdysozoa

94
Q

In sponges, water flows in through _____

and exits through ______.

A

In sponges, water flows in through pores

and exits through oscula.

95
Q

____________ have an exoskeleton

composed of _____ that provides protection,

water conservation, and muscle attachment

for precise movement.

A

Ecdysozoans have an exoskeleton

composed of chitin that provides protection,

water conservation, and muscle attachment

for precise movement.

96
Q

_____ secrete massive quantities

of ______________________ defensively.

A

Hagfishes secrete massive quantities

of massive quantities of slime defensively.

97
Q

__________ (octopuses, nautiluses, cuttlefish,

& squids) are _________ carnivores that move

rapidly by expelling water from _______ _______.

A

Cephalopods (octopuses, nautiluses, cuttlefish,

& squids) are predatory carnivores that move

rapidly by expelling water from mantle cavities.

98
Q

How do arthropods grow while being contained in

an exoskeleton, which is a rigid, heavy structure?

A

Arthropods molt, or shed, their exoskeleton

and replace it with a bigger one.

99
Q

Flatworms (C. ________________) are

acoelomates, which lack a ____ ______.

A

Flatworms (C. Platyhelminthes) are

acoelomates, which lack a body cavity.

100
Q

_____-_____ fishes are the most diverse

and abundant group of vertebrates.

A

Ray-finned

101
Q

Many soft-bodied _________ have

hydrostatic skeletons, such as e_________,

___ _____, and all animals in the phylum _______.

A

Many soft-bodied coelomates have

hydrostatic skeletons, such as earthworms,

sea stars, and all animals in the phylum Cnidaria.

102
Q

Organisms with _______ symmetry have

mirror image halves only along one plane

down the _______.

A

Organisms with bilateral symmetry have

mirror image halves only along one plane

down the midline.

103
Q

Which jawless fishes have sucker like mouths

with rasping teeth on tongue used to

suck blood and body fluids?

A

Lampreys

104
Q

Annelids can reproduce sexually,

or asexually by _____________,

and some species are _________________.

A

Annelids can reproduce sexually,

or asexually by fragmentation,

and some species are hermaphroditic.

105
Q

Gastropods include _____ & ______.

A

slugs & snails

106
Q

The excretory structure in annelid worms

is ___________.

A

nephridium

107
Q

Echinodermata are _____________ that are

exclusively ______, have no distinct _____ and

no ___________ system, and have ___________

that send projections through their skins.

A

Echinodermata are deuterostomes that are

exclusively marine, have no distinct brain and

no circulatory system, and have endoskeletons

that send projections through their skins.

108
Q

A flatworm has no internal body cavity

separating the gut and the body wall.

The flatworm is a(n) ______.

A

Acoelomate

109
Q

_____ are jawless fish with a _____ _____

protected by cartilagionous segments

that live in fresh and marine waters.

A

Lampreys are jawless fish with a spinal cord

protected by cartilagionous segments

that live in fresh and marine waters.

110
Q

The following characteristics made

cephalopods successful predators:

_______ with chemosensory abilities & _______

disks, ability to move rapidly by _______ _______

_______, complex _______ capable of _______,

and highly developed _______ _______ and eyes.

A

The following characteristics made

cephalopods successful predators:

tentacles with chemosensory abilities & suction

disks, ability to move rapidly by expelling water

forcefully, complex brains capable of learning,

and highly developed sensory systems and eyes.

111
Q

Some insects have _______ metamorphosis and

go through 4 stages: egg, _____, ____, adult;

and some have __________ metamorphosis with

only 2 stage: _______ /_______ and _______.

A

Some insects have complete metamorphosis and

go through 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult;

and some have incomplete metamorphosis with

only 2 stage: egg /nymph and adult.

112
Q

Polychaetes (annelids) live mostly in

________ habitats inside _____, project feathery

______, and some have segmental, paired

fleshy ________ for locomotion.

A

Polychaetes (annelids) live mostly in

marine habitats inside tubes, project feathery

gills, and some have segmental, paired

fleshy paddles for locomotion.

113
Q

Monotremes include the _________ and

_____ ____________; the females lay

______ _____and nurse their hatchlings.

A

Monotremes include the platypus and

spiny anteater; the females lay

leathery eggs and nurse their hatchlings.

114
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have a fluid-filled

______ which functions as a _________

________ in which pressurized fluid functions

as the framework for muscle contraction.

A

Annelida (segmented worms) have a fluid-filled

coelom which functions as a hydrostatic

skeleton in which pressurized fluid functions

as the framework for muscle contraction.

115
Q

Which embryonic germ layer is the inner layer

and lines most hollow organs?

A

endoderm

116
Q

List examples of Echinodermata:

A

Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers,

sand dollars, sea lilies

117
Q

Myriapods have one pair of _____,

_____ eyes, and breathe via _____.

A

Myriapods have one pair of Antennae,

simple eyes, and breathe via tracheae.

118
Q

Hagfishes are in the class _______.

A

Myxini

119
Q

_____, _____, and _____ are

of the class Chondrichthyes.

A

Sharks, rays, and skates

120
Q

The phylum Chordata includes

________, ___ _______, and ___________.

A

lancelets, sea squirts, vertebrates

121
Q

Which chordate group is most closely

related to vertebrates?

A

Myxini (hagfishes)

122
Q

What do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have

in common with sea jellies, corals,

sea anemones, and hydrozoans (Cnidarians)?

A

they have a digestive system with a single opening

123
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Myriapods are ecdysozoan arthropods.

A

TRUE

124
Q

_______ are the most abundant and

diverse organisms on Earth.

A

Arthropods

125
Q

Parasitic _____ attach to host with

a sucker-like mouth.

A

lampreys

126
Q

Cephalopods have _______ circulatory systems,

complex _______ that are capable of _______,

highly developed _______ systems,

and _______ similar to vertebrates.

A

Cephalopods have closed circulatory systems,

complex brains that are capable of learning,

highly developed sensory systems,

and eyes similar to vertebrates.

127
Q

Sponges are ______ as larvae,

but _______ as adults.

A

Sponges are motile as larvae,

but larvae as adults.

128
Q

Lungs, less permeable skin, internal fertilization,

and a shelled amniotic egg are adaptations of

_________ for _____ __ _____.

A

reptiles, life on land

129
Q

Lobe-finned fishes have fleshy fins containing

_____ -_____ _____ surrounded by _____ .

A

rod-shaped bones, muscle

130
Q

_____ and _____ are fishes

in the class Osteichthyes.

A

Lungfishes, coelacanths

131
Q

Are Platyhelminthes parasitic or non-parasitic?

A

Both

132
Q

List 5 examples of crustaceans:

A

Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles

133
Q

During development in __________,

the body cavity forms within a space between

the body wall & the digestive cavity.

A

protostomes

134
Q

Crustaceans (superphylum: ________,

phylum: _________) are aquatic animals with

gills, 2 pairs of ________, and ________ eyes.

ex: c____, c_______, l_______,

s_____, & b________.

A

Crustaceans (superphylum: Ecdysozoa,

phylum: Arthropoda) are aquatic animals with

gills, 2 pairs of antennae, and compound eyes.

ex: crabs, crayfish, lobsters,

shrimp, & barnacles.

135
Q

Cnidarians with the _____ body plan have

a tubular body and are _______.

A

Cnidarians with the polyp body plan have

a tubular body and are sessile.

136
Q

Hard corals have the _____ body shape.

A

Polyp

137
Q

The internal skeleton of sponges is made of

_______, which are composed of

_______ carbonate, _______, or _______.

A

The internal skeleton of sponges is made of

spicules, which are composed of

calcium carbonate, silica, or protein.

138
Q

Insects that undergo _______ metamorphosis

have an egg, _____, _____, and adult stage.

A

Insects that undergo complete metamorphosis

have an egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage.

139
Q

__________ have a tubular gut with two openings;

the pharynx ______ __ ____, the _________

conducts food, the ____ stores food,

the _________ grinds food,

and the ________ absorb nutrients.

A

Annelids have a tubular gut with two openings;

the pharynx draws in food, the esophagus

conducts food, the crop stores food,

the gizzards grinds food,

and the intestines absorb nutrients.

140
Q

TRUE/FALSE:

Insects are ecdysozoan arthropods.

A

TRUE

141
Q

__________ animals lack a body cavity.

A

Acoelomates

142
Q

______________ are bilateral protostomes

which have a special feeding structure called

a lophophore, or pass thru a __________

larva developmental stage.

A

Lophotrochozoans are bilateral protostomes

which have a special feeding structure called

a lophophore, or pass thru a trochophore

larva developmental stage.

143
Q

Sharks, rays, and skates are

of the class _________.

A

Chondrichthyes

144
Q

Most insects have 1 pair of _______,

___ pairs of legs, and 2 pairs of _______.

A

Most insects have 1 pair of antennae,

3 pairs of legs, and 2 pairs of wings.

145
Q

The phylum Arthropoda includes

i______, a________, and c___________.

A

insects, arachnids, crustaceans

146
Q

_______________ (snails & slugs),

have a _______ ____ for locomotion,

may possess a shell,

feed via ____ (ribbon of tissue w/ many teeth),

have ____ in a cavity beneath the shell,

can diffuse gas _______ _______,

and have a _______ _______if terrestrial.

A

Gastropods (snails & slugs),

have a muscular foot for locomotion,

may possess a shell,

feed via radula (ribbon of tissue w/ many teeth),

have gills in a cavity beneath the shell,

can diffuse gas via skin,

and have a simple lung terrestrial.

147
Q

Echinodermata live exclusively in _____ habitats,

are ___oelomates,

have a unique _____-vascular system,

have a _____ nervous system,

_____ a circulatory system,

and can re__________.

A

Echinodermata live exclusively in marine habitats,

are coelomates,

have a unique water-vascular system,

have a simple nervous system,

lack a circulatory system,

and can regenerate.

148
Q

Which jawless fishes produce massive amounts

of slime as a defense mechanism?

A

Hagfishes

149
Q

Mammals are warm-blooded _______

with high _______ rates, 4-chambered hearts,

____ for insulation, highly developed ______,

and ________ ______ in females,

who provide ________ _______ ____ after birth.

A

Mammals are warm-blooded craniates

with high metabolic rates, 4-chambered hearts,

hair for insulation, highly developed brains,

and mammary glands in females,

who provide extended parental care after birth.

150
Q

Organisms with bilateral symmetry have ___ embryonic germ layers: _____________

A

3: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm

151
Q

How are sponges different from other animals?

A

Sponges do not have tissue-level organization

152
Q

Hagfishes are _____, eel-shaped fish, with

_____ skin, and a partial _____ but no _____.

A

Hagfishes are jawless, eel-shaped fish, with unscaled skin, and a partial skull but no vertebra.

153
Q

Marsupials include _____, _____, and _____;

their embryos begin __ _____, are born at

an _____ _____, then crawl to and grasp

a nipple to complete development

(inside a pouch, in most species).

A

Marsupials incl. opossums, koalas, & kangaroos;

their embryos begin en utero, are born at

an immature stage, then crawl to and grasp

a nipple to complete development

(inside a pouch, in most species).

154
Q

All animals are ___karyotic, _____cellular,

____ cell walls, are ______trophic,

reproduce ________ (most), are ______,

and are able to _______ _______ __ _______.

A

All animals are eukaryotic, multicellular,

lack cell walls, are hetero,

reproduce sexually (most), are motile,

and are able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

155
Q

What is one main characteristic that

differentiates animals from both plants and fungi?

A

fungi & plants have cell walls, animals do not

BIOL 1407 (10 decks)

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