Ch. 21 Protists Test Review

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

single-celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, fungi, or animal kingdoms

Question 2

protists are mostly ______, but kelp is what?

Answer 2

unicellular; multicellular

Question 3

protists were the first eukaryotes, which means they had a longer time to what?

Answer 3

evolve with many differences

Question 4

amoebid movement (how do they move)

Answer 4

by changing shape

Question 5

pseudopods

Answer 5

temporary projection of the cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forwards propelling the organism forward. Used by an amoeba.

Question 6

cilia

Answer 6

short numerous structures supported by microtubules that row like oars on a boat. Use by ciliates.

Question 7

flagella

Answer 7

long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellers or whip back and forth to produce movement.

Question 8

conjugation

Answer 8

exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis

Question 9

what type of protist uses conjugation?

Answer 9

paramecium

Question 10

alternation of generations

Answer 10

sexual; 2 different life cycles and structures. Alternate haploid and diploid stages

Question 11

what type of amoeba form uses alternation of generations?

Answer 11

Oomycota (water mold)

Question 12

how do water molds reproduce?

Answer 12

asexually by producing sporangium that contain spores

Question 13

phytoplankton

Answer 13

small, free-floating organisms that are found at the surface of oceans and lakes

Question 14

what important role do phytoplankton have?

Answer 14

carry out half the photosynthesis on earth (and are the primary food source for water life like wales)

Question 15

who do heterotrophic protists obtain food?

Answer 15

from other living organisms

Question 16

how do amoebas capture and digest food?

Answer 16

through the use of pseudopods that form food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it’s broken down by lysosomes

Question 17

slime molds

Answer 17

individual amoeba forms that form large structures that have many nuclei called plasmodium that absorb molecules for nutrients through their cell walls and membranes

Question 18

symbiotic protists

Answer 18

two species that live close together

Question 19

mutualistic protists

Answer 19

benefits both parties

Question 20

parasitic protists

Answer 20

protists benefits at the expense of the host

Question 21

parasitic example:

Answer 21

plasmodium are protist that requires 2 host cells to complete its life cycle and cause malaria

Question 22

how do paramecium store their DNA?

Answer 22

a paramecium stores their DNA in the micronucleus. The micronucleus contains all DNA present in the organism.

Question 23

how does an Amoeba move?

Answer 23

pseudopods

Question 24

how does a paramecium move?

Answer 24

cilia

Question 25

how does a Euglena move?

Answer 25

flagella

Question 26

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE 3 PROTISTS BY PIC AND MVT!!!

Question 27

List 2 diseases that are spread by insects and caused by protists? Name and discuss the protist that causes each disease. (African Sleeping Sickness)

Answer 27

The protist that causes the African Sleeping Sickness disease is Trypanosoma. The tsetse fly is the vector for Trypanosoma. The tsetse fly is the insect that spreads the disease. The tsetse fly picks up Trypanosoma by biting an already infected human. Trypanosoma goes through the digestive system and travels back up to the salivary glands, causing it to become a mature Trypanosoma. The tsetse fly then bites a human and the Trypanosoma infects the human's red blood cells by transferring from the tsetse fly's salivary glands and into the bloodstream of the human. The human's red blood cells are destroyed and the nerves of the Central Nervous System, controlled by the brain, are also destroyed. The infected/bitten human then loses all consciousness and falls into a fatal sleep, also known as the African Sleeping Sickness.

Question 28

List two diseases that are spread by insects and caused by protists. Name and discuss the protist that causes each disease.(Malaria)

Answer 28

The protist that causes Malaria is plasmodium. The Anopheles mosquito is the vector for carrying the plasmodium. The plasmodium requires two host cells, Anopheles mosquito and the human to be bitten, to complete its life cycle and cause Malaria. the Anopheles mosquito bites and already infected human and picks up the plasmodium gametes. The plasmodium gametes then come together and create sporozoites. These sporozites develop in the digestive tract of the Anopheles mosquito. The sporozites then travel from the digestive tract and up to the salivary glands. The Anopheles mosquito then bites another human, releasing the sporozites into the humans' bloodstream. The sporozites infect the liver of the human and develop in merozites. The merozites are then released into the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells. The red blood cells then lyse and release toxins and gametes causing Malaria.

Question 29

Describe the three steps that Amoebas use to obtain food?

Answer 29

An amoeba obtains their food by creating pseudopods. A pseudopod is a temporary projection of the cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. Next, an Amoeba traps their food. This is done through enclosing the food by wrapping the pseudopod around the trapped food and forming a food vacuole. The food vacuole keeps the food enclosed while the amoeba then begins to break down the trapped organism. The trapped organism is broken down by an amoeba releasing lysosomes into the food vacuole. After it is broken down, the amoeba absorbs nutrients into cytoplasm.