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Sophomore > Ch. 9-- Cellular Respiration and Fermentation > Flashcards

Ch. 9-- Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards

1
Q

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celcius

A

Calorie

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2
Q

cells burn food (break bonds) and release energy as what?

A

heat

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3
Q

Cells prefer to break down bonds GRADUALLY and use the stored energy to do what?

A

produce other compounds like ATP

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4
Q

in what cells does cellular respiration occur in?

A

ALL eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

What is the Cellular Respiration formula?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy

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6
Q

What is the cellular respiration formula in words?

A

one molecule of glucose reacts with six molecules of oxygen to produce six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water and one molecule of ATP

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7
Q

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

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8
Q

a pathway of CR that requires oxygen is called what?

A

aerobic

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9
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

Where do the Krebs Cycle and the ETC take place?

A

mitochondrion matrix

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11
Q

What does photosynthesis do with energy?

A

deposits it back into the bonds of glucose

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12
Q

what does cellular respiration do with energy?

A

withdraws it breaking the bonds of glucose

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13
Q

what does photosynthesis do with carbon dioxide?

A

removes it from the atmosphere

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14
Q

what does CR do with CO2?

A

puts it back into the atmosphere

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15
Q

what does photosynthesis do with oxygen?

A

releases it into the atmosphere

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16
Q

what does CR do with oxygen?

A

takes it from the atmosphere and releases energy from food

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17
Q

What is glycolysis transformed into?

A

pyruvic acid

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18
Q

What is the ATP investment when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

A

2 ATP

19
Q

what is the ATP production when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

A

4 ATP

20
Q

what is the ATP net gain when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule

21
Q

In ATP production, how many ATP molecules are used to get glycolysis started?

A

2

22
Q

in NADH production, what is passed to the electron carriers NAD+ ?

A

4 high energy electrons

23
Q

What happens when pyruvic acid is formed?

A

one molecule of glucose C6H12O6 bonds are broken

24
Q

What are the advantages of glycolysis?

A

produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid

25
Q

pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting steps. OXYGEN HAS TO BE PRESENT

A

Krebs Cycle

26
Q

What is the use of CO2 when produced by the Krebs Cycle?

A

CO2 is exhaled

27
Q

When in the presence of oxygen, the electrons in NADH do what?

A

generate huge amounts of ATP

28
Q

In the ETC, electrons are passed down the chain transporting what across the membrane and it creates a NEGATIVE region called what?

A

H+ ions; chemiosmosis

29
Q

Every time the electrons in ATP production move, H+ ions move, thus ATP is created by what?

A

ATP synthase

30
Q

As each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC ___ molecules of ATP are produced and __ molecules of FADH2 are produced

A

3;2

31
Q

ATP = __% TOTAL energy in glucose
__ from the Krebs Cycle; and __ from the ETC

A

38%; 2; 34

32
Q

Fermentation is what type of respiration?

A

anaerobic

33
Q

What is regenerated so glycolysis can continue?

A

NAD+

34
Q

what are the 2 types of fermentation?

A

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

35
Q

Alcoholic fermentation produces what?

A

ethyl alcohol and CO2

36
Q

Alcoholic fermentation does what?

A

causes bread to rise and creates alcohol for beverages

37
Q

Lactic Acid is used for food to create what?
ex:) yogurt, cheese, and sour cream

A

a sour taste

38
Q

Humans are what type of fermenters, especially in the muscles?

A

lactic acid fermenters

39
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation is what type of energy?

A

quick energy

40
Q

Energy stored in the ATP of the cells is only supplied for what?

A

a short burst of energy

41
Q

cellular respiration is good for what type of energy?

A

long term energy

42
Q

Lactic acid gives how many seconds of energy?

A

90 seconds

43
Q

first, our body uses what in the muscle tissue

A

stored chemical reserves

44
Q

then other stored molecules, like fat, are what?

A

broken down

Sophomore (39 decks)

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