Ch. 9-- Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celcius

Answer 1

Calorie

Question 2

cells burn food (break bonds) and release energy as what?

Answer 2

heat

Question 3

Cells prefer to break down bonds GRADUALLY and use the stored energy to do what?

Answer 3

produce other compounds like ATP

Question 4

in what cells does cellular respiration occur in?

Answer 4

ALL eukaryotic cells

Question 5

What is the Cellular Respiration formula?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy

Question 6

What is the cellular respiration formula in words?

Answer 6

one molecule of glucose reacts with six molecules of oxygen to produce six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water and one molecule of ATP

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 7

Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 8

a pathway of CR that requires oxygen is called what?

Answer 8

aerobic

Question 9

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

Where do the Krebs Cycle and the ETC take place?

Answer 10

mitochondrion matrix

Question 11

What does photosynthesis do with energy?

Answer 11

deposits it back into the bonds of glucose

Question 12

what does cellular respiration do with energy?

Answer 12

withdraws it breaking the bonds of glucose

Question 13

what does photosynthesis do with carbon dioxide?

Answer 13

removes it from the atmosphere

Question 14

what does CR do with CO2?

Answer 14

puts it back into the atmosphere

Question 15

what does photosynthesis do with oxygen?

Answer 15

releases it into the atmosphere

Question 16

what does CR do with oxygen?

Answer 16

takes it from the atmosphere and releases energy from food

Question 17

What is glycolysis transformed into?

Answer 17

pyruvic acid

Question 18

What is the ATP investment when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

Answer 18

2 ATP

Question 19

what is the ATP production when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

Answer 19

4 ATP

Question 20

what is the ATP net gain when glycolysis is turned into pyruvic acid?

Answer 20

2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 21

In ATP production, how many ATP molecules are used to get glycolysis started?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

in NADH production, what is passed to the electron carriers NAD+ ?

Answer 22

4 high energy electrons

Question 23

What happens when pyruvic acid is formed?

Answer 23

one molecule of glucose C6H12O6 bonds are broken

Question 24

What are the advantages of glycolysis?

Answer 24

produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid

Question 25

pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting steps. OXYGEN HAS TO BE PRESENT

Answer 25

Krebs Cycle

Question 26

What is the use of CO2 when produced by the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 26

CO2 is exhaled

Question 27

When in the presence of oxygen, the electrons in NADH do what?

Answer 27

generate huge amounts of ATP

Question 28

In the ETC, electrons are passed down the chain transporting what across the membrane and it creates a NEGATIVE region called what?

Answer 28

H+ ions; chemiosmosis

Question 29

Every time the electrons in ATP production move, H+ ions move, thus ATP is created by what?

Answer 29

ATP synthase

Question 30

As each pair of electrons from NADH moves down the length of the ETC ___ molecules of ATP are produced and __ molecules of FADH2 are produced

Answer 30

3;2

Question 31

ATP = __% TOTAL energy in glucose __ from the Krebs Cycle; and __ from the ETC

Answer 31

38%; 2; 34

Question 32

Fermentation is what type of respiration?

Answer 32

anaerobic

Question 33

What is regenerated so glycolysis can continue?

Answer 33

NAD+

Question 34

what are the 2 types of fermentation?

Answer 34

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Question 35

Alcoholic fermentation produces what?

Answer 35

ethyl alcohol and CO2

Question 36

Alcoholic fermentation does what?

Answer 36

causes bread to rise and creates alcohol for beverages

Question 37

Lactic Acid is used for food to create what? ex:) yogurt, cheese, and sour cream

Answer 37

a sour taste

Question 38

Humans are what type of fermenters, especially in the muscles?

Answer 38

lactic acid fermenters

Question 39

Lactic Acid Fermentation is what type of energy?

Answer 39

quick energy

Question 40

Energy stored in the ATP of the cells is only supplied for what?

Answer 40

a short burst of energy

Question 41

cellular respiration is good for what type of energy?

Answer 41

long term energy

Question 42

Lactic acid gives how many seconds of energy?

Answer 42

90 seconds

Question 43

first, our body uses what in the muscle tissue

Answer 43

stored chemical reserves

Question 44

then other stored molecules, like fat, are what?

Answer 44

broken down