ch 22 vasculature

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

blood away from heart

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

blood back to heart

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

thin vessels between arteries and veins; sites of exchange

Question 4

Arteries & veins: walls have 3 layers (or tunica)

Answer 4

• Adventitia
• Media
• Intima

Question 5

Layers; Adventitia

Answer 5

• anchor the blood vessels in place

- outermost layer

Question 6

Layers; Media

Answer 6

• smooth muscle; used in vasoconstriction & vasodilation

- second layer

Question 7

Layers; Intima

Answer 7

endothelium of the vessel

-innermost layer

Question 8

Most arteries and veins run ____ (parallel/perpendicular)

Answer 8

parallel

Question 9

Walls of arteries are _____ (thicker/thinner) than veins

Answer 9

thicker

Question 10

Arteries have more ______ muscle than veins

Answer 10

smooth muscle

Question 11

Arteries maintain their ______ shape and veins typically ____ when cute

Answer 11

Arteries maintain their circular shape shape and veins typically collapse when cut

Question 12

Arteries characteristics

Answer 12

• Endothelial lining has pleated folds
• Thin elastic fibers in media
• external elastic membrane surrounding the media
• internal elastic membrane surrounding the media

Question 13

Veins characteristics

Answer 13

• Endothelial lining is smooth

- Many have one-way valves to prevent backflow

Question 14

types of arteries

Answer 14

• elastic arteries
• muscular arteries
• arterioles

Question 15

Elastic artery

Answer 15

• Largest of the arteries ~ 1 inch
• Contain elastic membranes in the media and intima
• Very resilient, tolerate pressure changes during cardiac cycle
• Recoils during diastole helps propel blood forward
• Examples are: Aorta / Brachiocephalic trunk / Pulmonary trunk

Question 16

Muscular artery

Answer 16

• Medium-sized arteries ~ pencil
• Thicker media than elastic arteries
• Vessel diameter under control of autonomic nervous system and hormones
• Examples are: External carotid / Brachial / Femoral / Mesenteric

Question 17

Arteriole

Answer 17

• Smallest arteries, microscopic ~30 microns, hair is 100 microns
• Very thin adventitia
• Media may have incomplete smooth muscle layers
• Control blood flow between arteries and capillaries

Question 18

Capillaries

Answer 18

• Smallest of all vessels ~ 8 microns size of RBC
• Most delicate; lack adventitia and media
• Only vessel where material exchange occurs between blood & tissues

Question 19

Continuous capillaries

Answer 19

• Endothelial lining
• Most common
• Single cell lined

Question 20

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 20

• Endothelial lining NOT complete

- Rapid fluid & solute diffusion

Question 21

Sinusoid capillaries

Answer 21

• flattened
• Endothelial lining NOT complete
• Pores & large gaps
• Slow blood movement
• Diffusion of very large solutes

Question 22

Capillary exchange; Diffusion across the endothelial cells

Answer 22

nonpolar solutes; gases; water via aquaporins

Question 23

Capillary exchange; Diffusion through gaps between adjacent endothelial cells:

Answer 23

small solutes; water; large solutes (in sinusoids)

Question 24

Capillary exchange; Diffusion through pores:

Answer 24

solutes; water

Question 25

Capillary exchange;Vesicular transport:

Answer 25

water; targeted molecules (bound and unbound )

Question 26

Capillaries _____ (Do/ Do not) function as individual units

Answer 26

DO NOT

Question 27

Capillary beds

Answer 27

Capillaries form interconnected network of capillaries

Question 28

The capillary bed consists of vessels connecting

Answer 28

arterioles with venules - Arteriovenous anastomoses - Thoroughfare channels - Metarterioles

Question 29

Contracting or relaxing ____ muscle determines blood flow

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

Anastomosis:

Answer 30

connection between vessels that typically diverge

Question 31

Collateral arteries

Answer 31

that come together form an arterial anastomosis

Question 32

Direct connection between arteriole & venule; Arteriovenous anastomoses

Answer 32

- regulate blood to capillary beds, | - to bypass a capillary

Question 33

Direct connection between arteriole & venule; Thoroughfare channels:

Answer 33

- regulate blood flow through capillaries; | - fairly constant

Question 34

Direct connection between arteriole & venule; Metarterioles

Answer 34

precapillary sphincter

Question 35

types of veins

Answer 35

- venules - Medium-sized veins - Large veins

Question 36

Venule veins

Answer 36

- Smallest of the veins - Collect blood from the capillaries - Lack or have thin tunica media - Very small amount of ?????

Question 37

Medium-sized vein

Answer 37

- The adventitia (tunica externa) is the largest of the layers - Contains elastic fibers - One- way valves are present - Found alongside muscular arteries - Examples include: Radial vein / Tibial vein / Popliteal vein

Question 38

Venous valves

Answer 38

- Blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities fight gravity - Many medium veins have valves - The valves compartmentalize the blood in the veins

Question 39

Large Veins

Answer 39

- Adventitia is thickest layer and contains some smooth muscle - Intima and media are very thin - No valves - Examples of large veins are: Sup / Inf vena cava

Question 40

Venous Return

Answer 40

-Blood in the veins from the lower extremities have to ascend to the heart; fight gravity - -The skeletal muscles of the legs help to propel the blood - -One-way flow is aided by venous valves - -Changes in pressure helps to move the blood through the venae cavae

Question 41

Veins are more ______ than arteries

Answer 41

distensible

Question 42

Bases on blood pressure, a vein can expand abut ___ (number) times as much as a parallel artery

Answer 42

8

Question 43

Veins are capacitance vessels.....

Answer 43

- act as blood reservoirs | - Venoconstriction of veins shifts blood toward arterial side of the circulation

Question 44

Vasculature and blood pressure; Alter TRP

Answer 44

Vasoconstriction / vasodilation of muscular arteries -Vary resistance to flow leaving the heart - Constriction: increase R =increase MAP - Dilation: decrease R = decrease MAP

Question 45

Vasculature and blood pressure; Alter CO, particularly SV:

Answer 45

-Venoconstriction of medium veins - -Capacitance of venous system - -Increases volume of blood that shifts to arterial system

Question 46

Vasculature and blood pressure controlled by ______ _______ and/or ______

Answer 46

visceral reflexes and or hormones

Question 47

MAP=

Answer 47

TPR x CO

Question 48

CO=

Answer 48

SV x HR

Question 49

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 49

blood to/from lungs

Question 50

systemic circuit

Answer 50

blood to/from rest of the body