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A&P 151 > Ch 23: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch 23: Respiratory System Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

-External nose, cavity, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Purpose of nasal cavity

A

Clean, warm, and humidifier

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3
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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4
Q

Larynx

A

Above the glottis
-Voicebox

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5
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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6
Q

Bronchi

A

Tubes that direct air to lungs

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7
Q

Lungs

A

Network of alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange

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8
Q

Glottis

A

Opening found in voice box in between the two vocal cords

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9
Q

Three positions of conchi

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

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10
Q

Is pneumonia considered an upper respiratory tract infection

A

False, it’s a lower respiratory tract infection

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11
Q

Is inflammation and infection in the throat

A

It’s an upper respiratory tract infection

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12
Q

Conducting zone

A

-pulmonary ventilation
-Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Gas exchange
-Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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14
Q

What is the major gas in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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15
Q

Ventilation

A

Act of inhaling and exhaling air

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16
Q

Respiration

A

Performing gas exchange in the lungs

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17
Q

External respiration

A

Gas exchange between air in lungs and pulmonary capillaries (blood)

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18
Q

Internal respiration

A

Gas exchange between tissue capillaries and working tissues

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19
Q

In internal respiration, carbon dioxide is going to move into the tissues

A

False, we take oxygen out of tissue to exhale CO2 to tissue capillary

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20
Q

An external respiration oxygen moves into alveoli?

A

False, O2 needs to move to capillary not alveoli

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21
Q

What systems regulate blood pH?

A

Respiratory system and urinary system

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22
Q

What causes the release of RAAS

A

A drop in volume and pressure

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23
Q

What are the three line of defense is?

A

-nose hair
-Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
-Alveolar macrophages

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24
Q

Runnin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS)

A

Renin converts Angeo 10 Synergen into angiotensin one, then angiotensin1 converts, angiotensin, converting enzyme into angt2

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25
What does angiotensin 2 cause:
-SNS= vaso constriction of blood vessels (incr pressure) -Adrenal glands= Aldosterone to retain water (increase pressure) -Post pituitary gland= ADH to retain water in DCT & CD * Worsens hypertension*
26
3 bones that form nasal cavity
Ethmoid, septal cartilage, and vomer bone
27
What is the superior structure of the nasal pathway?
Nasal pharynx
28
What is the middle structure of the nasal pathway?
Oropharynx
29
What is the inferior structure of the nasal pathway?
Laryngopharynx
30
What is the voice box called?
Larynx
31
How many cartilages make a larynx
Nine cartilages
32
Where does the nasal pharynx start at?
Starts at Choanae and ends at uvula
33
What are the single cartilages of the larynx?
-thyroid: V-shaped, forms Addams apple -Cricoid: O-Shaped, most inferior -Epiglottis: spoon-shaped, protect airway
34
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
-Arytenoid: attached to cricoid cartilage -Corniculate: hook cartilage attached to arytenoid -Cuneiform: located anterior to corniculate
35
Vestibular folds
False vocal cords
36
Vocal folds
True vocal cords in between Glottis
37
Trachea
C-shaped, windpipe -15 to 20 cartilages
38
What’s the inner lining of the trachea?
Ciliated pseudostratified, columnar epithelium with goblet cells
39
Where is the carina located?
In between T4 and T5
40
What is the structure before the carina?
The trachea
41
What is the structure after the carina?
Primary bronchus
42
What comes after the primary bronchus?
The secondary bronchi, and the tertiary bronchi
43
What is the pathway from the trachea to the alveoli?
1. Trachea. 2. Primary bronchus. 3. Secondary bronchus. 4. Tertiary bronchus 5. Bronchiole. 6. Terminal bronchioles. 7. Respiratory bronchioles. 8. Alveolus
44
Respiratory bronchioles
Gas exchange occurs in between whole lungs and tissues -alveoli and capillaries -External respiration
45
Terminal bronchioles
First segment before respiratory bronchioles
46
Bronchodilation
Smooth muscle relaxes to increase airflow
47
Bronchoconstriction
Smooth muscle contracts
48
Alveoli
Air sacs in the lungs
49
What is a dust cell
Third line of defense of immunity
50
What is type I pneumocyte
To provide structure support
51
What is type II pneumocyte
Produced a substance called surfactant -Surfactant will reduce surface tension to prevent the Alveoli from collapsing
52
What does alveolar fluid do?
keeps alveolar open
53
What is simple diffusion
High to low
54
What is pleural cavity?
Surrounds each lung, and filled with pleural fluid
55
Visceral pleura
Inner lining of the lung
56
Parietal pleura
Outer lining of the lung
57
What is the root of the lung?
Pulmonary Hilum
58
Characteristics of the right lung
Has three lobes, separated by fissures - oblique and and horizontal fissure
59
Characteristics of the left lung
Two lobes with an indentation, called the cardiac notch - oblique fissure -Has cardiac impression for the heart
60
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle -Quiet, breathing and force breathing
61
Boyles law
•Diaphram contracts (inhaling) -As volume increases,pressure decreases •Diaphragm, relaxes, saying (exhaling) -As volume decreases, pressure increases
62
What is tidal volume?
Quiet breathing
63
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Forceful, inhaling
64
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Forcefully exhaling breath
65
Residual volume
Air remaining in the lungs
66
Inspiratory capacity’s
TV + IRV
67
Functional residual capacity
ERV + RV
68
Vital capacity
ERV + TV + IRV
69
Total lung capacity
TV + IRV + ERV + RV

A&P 151 (16 decks)

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