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A&P 151 > Ch 27: Electrolyte, Acid/base Balance > Flashcards

Ch 27: Electrolyte, Acid/base Balance Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

The higher the solutes, the higher the osmolality?

A

True

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2
Q

There are more ICF in the body than ECF

A

True

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3
Q

Ascending from bottom to top of loop of henle will..

A

The osmolality will decrease

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4
Q

What does ECF include?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Cation potassium

A

K+ Most abundant for ICF
Largest amount for sodium for ECF

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6
Q

Anion

A

Larger amount of sodium in ECF
Larger amount of proteins in ICF
more chloride in ECF

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7
Q

Fluid movement

A

In and out of blood are hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

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8
Q

Osmosis

A

Process of passive movement

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9
Q

Is drinking fluid the fastest method without an IV line 

A

True

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10
Q

What is the quickest way of eliminating fluids?

A

Urinating

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11
Q

Hypothalamic osmoreceptor’s

A

Control thirst

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12
Q

Sodium levels and drinking water

A

⬇️ Na+: ⬇️ drinking water
⬆️ Na+: ⬆️ drinking water

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13
Q

Increase volume of ADH

A

Decreases the volume of ADH

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14
Q

Increasing ADH

A

Increases volume of ADH

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15
Q

What is the greatest influence of osmolality?

A

Sodium

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16
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Intake sodium first

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17
Q

What does ADH absorb?

A

Absorbs water only

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18
Q

What happens if you increase ADH

A

Hypertension:
⬆️ solutes
⬇️ H2O

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19
Q

What happens when you reduce ADH

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypotension:
⬇️ solutes
⬆️ H2O

20
Q

Ranges of regulation of sodium

Study These Flashcards
A

135-145 mEq/L NORMAL
hyperatremia:> 145
Hypoatremia: <135

21
Q

Homeostasis of hyperkalemia

Study These Flashcards
A

⬆️ aldosterone ⬆️ K+ and H+
Then decrease in K+

  • opposite happens with hypokalemia
22
Q

Sign v. Symptom

Study These Flashcards
A

Sign: doctor sees
Symptom: patient experiences

23
Q

Calcium levels

Study These Flashcards
A

Normal: 8.2-10.2
<8.2 hypocalcemia
>10.2 hypercalcemia

24
Q

Magnesium levels

Study These Flashcards
A

Normal: 1.7-2.2
<1.7: hypomagnesemia
>2.2: hyperm

25
What’s stimulates calcium uptake in the intestines
Vitamin D
26
What increases and decreases Ca2+ extracellular levels
Increases: PTH Decreases: calcitonin
27
What did you look at if the electrolytes are in balanced?
Magnesium levels
28
Phosphate levels
Normal: 2.5-4.5 Hypophospatemia: reduced absorption due to vitamin D deficiency Hyperphosphatemia : renal failure, chemotherapy
29
Acids v. bases v. buffers
Acids: release, hydrogen ions HCI Bases: removes hydrogen from a solution OH- Buffers: prevent extreme changes in pH
30
What regulates blood pH?
Respiratory and urinary system
31
What is the normal pH range?
Normal: 7.35–7.45. Acidosis < 7.35. Alkalosis > 7.45.
32
HCO3 buffering system
H2CO3<—> HCO3- + H+ Base Acid
33
What affects respiratory centers?
Carbon dioxide levels and pH
34
What is acidosis in the respiratory system?
Hypoventilation: Retention of CO2 causing blood levels to increase, causing pH to decrease
35
What is hyper ventilation?
Increasing ventilation rate which decreases blood CO2 levels, which then increases pH -Also called alkalosis
36
What is the number one factor in acid/ base
The amount of CO2
37
Does an increase in carbon dioxide contribute to an increase in acids?
True
38
PaCO2 levels
Normal: 35-45 > 45 acidosis < 35 alkalosis
39
HCO3 levels
22-26 normal > 26 alkalosis < 22 acidosis
40
If urinary is acidic, what is respiratory system
It Hass to be basic
41
If respiratory is acidic, urinary Has to be
Asked to be basic
42
Acidosis
⬇️pH +⬆️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory acidosis ⬇️pH + norm PaCO2+ ⬇️HCO3= primary metabolic acidosis (urinary)
43
Alkalosis
⬆️pH + ⬇️PaCO2 + norm HCO3=prim respiratory alkalosis ⬆️pH+ norm PaCO2 + ⬆️HCO3= primary metabolic alkalosis (urinary)
44
What does a fall in base cause
Acidosis
45
If the pH is 7.30, PaCO2 = 40, HCO3 =19. Or what is his acid /base disturbance?
She is primary metabolic acidosis for urinary system
46
PH= 7.50, PaCO2 = 30, HCO3 =24. What is the acid/base disturbance?
Primary respiratory alkalosis

A&P 151 (16 decks)

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