Ch 26: Urinary System Flashcards

(87 cards)

1
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

-urine
-excrete waste products
-Regulate blood volume and pressure
-Regulate blood solute, red blood cells, synthesis, vitamin D

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2
Q

What does urine consist of?

A

Water,ions ,urea, and toxic substances
Does not contain glucose unless diabetic

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3
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Regulation of red blood cell synthesis

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4
Q

Is EPO produced in red bone marrow

A

False, by the kidney to increase production of erythrocytes

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5
Q

What systems regulate vitamin D?

A

Integumentary system, urinary, and digestive system

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6
Q

Once urine leaves the kidney can it get changed or altered

A

No

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7
Q

Kidney

A

Bean shaped organ
-Produces urine

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8
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that drains from kidney

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9
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow muscular organ that holds urine

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10
Q

Urethra

A

Illuminates urine outside of body

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11
Q

Retroperatonial

A

Organs behind Paritoneum

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12
Q

Which kidney is lower

A

Right kidney

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13
Q

What is the root of the kidney?

A

Renal hilum

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14
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Engulfs renal capsule in acts as cushioning

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15
Q

Renal capsule

A

Surrounds each kidney

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16
Q

Renal facia

A

Anchors kidneys in surrounding adipose to abdomen wall

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17
Q

What exit renal hilum

A

Ureter, renal vein

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18
Q

What enters renal hilum?

A

Renal artery and nerve

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19
Q

Renal column

A

In between renal pyramids
-Also an extension of renal cortex

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20
Q

Renal pelvis

A

From major calyx merging
-Will turn into a ureter

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21
Q

Flow of urine

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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22
Q

Nephron

A

Basic functional unit of kidney

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23
Q

Peritubular capillary

A

Second set of capillary

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24
Q

Efferent arterial

A

Blood vessel, that drains

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25
Afferent arteriole
Blood that moves into Bowmans capsule
26
Renal corpuscle structure
Bowmans capsule: outermost structure Bowman space : space in between Glomerulus: first net work of capillaries Podocytes: saw that has many foot processes
27
What is the first net work of capillaries?
Glomerulus
28
What is proximal convoluted tubule
Tubed structure
29
Contents of loop of Henle (nephron loop)
-thick and thin descending loop Thick and thin, ascending loop
30
Distal convoluted tubule
Moves close to Bowmans capsule’s
31
Path of filtrate/urine produced by nephron
Renal corpuscle, PCT, filtrate, loop of Henley, DCT, CD urine, minor, calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
32
Will the afferent arterial give rise to Paritonium, capillary directly?
False it’s glomerulus first - then efferent
33
Medulla
Collecting duct Descending thin loop Ascending thin loop
34
Cortex
Renal corpuscle Proximal conveluted tubule
35
Definition of medulla
All ends up as you’re in and extreted out of the body
36
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Near the cortical medullary border -Extends deep into medulla
37
Cortical nephrons
Near the cortex, not in the medulla
38
Microscopic processes
Renal corpuscle, that filters, part of the nephron
39
What is the deepest layer in the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus
40
Tubular secretion
Not in renal corpuscle -Occurs in between peritubular, capillary and renal tubular structure(4)
41
How does the kidney detect body fluids?
Through macula, densa cells
42
⬆️ osmolality
⬆️ solute ⬇️ solvent
43
⬇️ osmolality
⬇️ solute ⬆️ solvent
44
⬆️ osmolality does…
Decreases blood volume/pressure -Also produces renin
45
Which is found around the glomerulus
Photo site
46
What cells produce renin?
JG
47
What detect osmolality
Macula, densa
48
What three processes form urine
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
49
Definition of filtrate
Fluid after being filtered until it reaches collecting duct
50
Renal artery
Enters the renal hilum
51
Segmental artery
Renal pelvis toward minor calyx
52
Interlobar artery
Travels along the renal column
53
Actuate artery
Branch and arch over the base of the pyramids
54
Interlobular artery
Cortical projects into renal column
55
What gives rise to glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
56
What gives rise to efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
57
What’s it called when filtrate exits the collecting duct
Urine
58
Tubular reabsorption
Retained
59
Tubular secretion.
Excreted
60
Moving blood through kidney
Interlobular vein -> actuate vein-> Interlobular vein-> segmental vein-> renal vein-> inferior vena cava
61
What is the highest pushing pressure
Glomerulus capillary (50mm hg)
62
What is the smallest pushing pressure
Capsule pressure 10mmhg
63
What is the second highest pulling pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure due to albumin protein 30 mmhg
64
What is net filtration
Renal corpuscle 10 mmhg
65
Renal fraction
Total cardiac out put padding through kidney m HR•SV=RF
66
Renal blood flow rate
CO•RF
67
Renal plasma flow rate
RBFR• FBP
68
Glomerlular filtration rate
RPFR• FF
69
Vasoconstriction causes in afferent arteriole
Blood flow: decrease Filtration rate: decrease
70
Efferent arteriole vasoconstriction causes
Blood flow: decrease Glom filtration rate: increase
71
Vasodilation in afferent arteriole
Blood flow: increase GFR: increase
72
Vasodilation in efferent arteriole
Bf: increase GFR: decrease
73
What gets reabsorbed in PCT
65% occurs in PCT - water, amino acids, nutrient and solutes
74
What % of glucose occurs in PCT
99%
75
PCT is considered..
The work horse of nephron
76
Water being reabsorbed causes
Concentrated nutrients
77
Is filtrate diluted at the top of loop of henle
True
78
Name a region nephron can reabsorb water
DCT, CD, PCT
79
What do hormones control
Late DCT and collecting duct
80
What does ADH do
Retains water
81
Transitional epithelium that’s associated to urinary system
Changes shape based on conditions of organ
82
Trigon or urinary bladder
- 2 ureter opening - 1 urethral opening
83
3 portions of the bladder
- base: prostatic urethra - membrane urethra - spongy urethra
84
Female urethra muscle type
Internal: smooth External sphincter: skeletal muscle
85
Empty unstretched bladder
Stratified cuboidal
86
Stretched full bladder
Stratified squamous
87
Affects of aging urinary system
Less responsive to ADH and Aldosterone - reduced vitamin D synthesis and ca2+ deficiency