ch 24 - neurodevelopmental Flashcards
(51 cards)
what is a neurodevelopmental disorder?
onset between utero development and the start of formal schooling
In neurodevelopmental disorders, are impariments specific to one function
no i can also affect other areas in ones life
ex: autism
What is the DSM-5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
provides
distinct classifications
of disorders
what is Autism’s description in the DSM-5
impairment in social interactions including repetitive behaviour patterns
what is ADHD description in the DSM-5
impairment in attention paired with hyperactivity. ex: excessive talking, fidgeting, on cant remain seated
what is intellectual disability’s description in the DSM-5?
impairment that effects language, interpersonal skills, and self-management domains
what are some types/examples of intellectual disability?
cerebral palsy (sort of)
hyrdrocephalus
fragile-X syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
down syndrome
what are some types of communication disorder? as described in the DSM-5
speech-sound disrder
childhood-onset fluency disorder
socai lcommunication disorder
autism spectrum disorder
ADHD
what are 2 types disorder classification of reading disabilities?
phonological disorder (letters)
Graphemic reading (whole word)
What is cerbral pasly
brain trauma during fetal developmetns that effects muscles and movement
30-60% of the time also infleunces intelectual behaviour
what is hydrocephalus
when the ventricles fill up with CSF and are blocked so they build up pressure and can cause brain damage or death
2/1000 babies born have Hydrocephalus
where is CSF produced?
in the choroid plexus and flows around the lateral ventricles
what leads to fragile-x syndrome?
what are some charactistics someone would have
FMR1 dominant gene on X chromosome makes proteins in neurons
characterized by facial abnormalities, brain damage, ADHD, and mood swings
Treatments: gene therapy, glutamate antagonist, GABA agonist
What is Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
either parent uses alcohol during or before pregnancy
smaller brain and facial abnormalities
what is down syndrome caused by and when is it more likely
also what is the incidence
trisomy 21 overexpressed from non-disjunction. more so, in the females eggs (88% more common)
incidence is about 1:700 births
what are characteristics of down syndrome
short neck
almond eyes
small hands and feet and fingers
flat face
autoimmune disorders
heart issues
obesity
life expectancy: 47yo
what is speech sound disorder?
difficulty pronouncing or articulating the native language.
2 areas:
-knowledge of the sound
-Ability to produce the sound
causes are unclear but most likely a genetic/ hereditary factor
Treatment: speech therapy
what is childhood-onset fluency disorder?
stuttering***
90% of kids recover with speech therapy
1% is affected into adulthood
NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD WHY
what is social communication disorder?
difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communications
dont understand, humor, metphors…
what is autism spectrum disorder?
individuals have imaparied communication and socail interactions and they dispolay repetitive thoughts/behaviours
some individuals diagnosed later with ASD avoid ____ ____ and ____ ____ from birth
eye contact and physical contact from birth
individuals diagnosed with ASD develope normally until age ___ to ____
1 to 3 yo
syptoms of ASD include _______, ________, _______.
bad social interactions, insistence on routines, repeated body movements
incidence in ASD is as high as __ in ___ in the United States
1 in 54
