chp 6

Question 1

Routes of drug administration

Answer 1

1. injecting - intrathecal/intravenous
2. orally (most convienent)
3. inhaled
4. absorbing in skin or tounge

Question 2

which organ catabolizes drugs (breaks down)

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

what barrier does every drug have to get by?

Answer 3

the BBB tight endothilial cell junctions

Question 4

Intrathecal

Answer 4

drugs injected into the brain/spinal cord

Question 5

intravenous

Answer 5

injection into the blood stream

Question 6

Which method of drug route has the greatest barriers to cross and therefore needs a high dosage

Answer 6

oral

Question 7

agonist at the synapse

Answer 7

increase or prolong activity of the NT

Question 8

antagonist at the synapse

Answer 8

decrease or shorten activity of the NT

Question 9

where do psychoactive drugs work

Answer 9

at the synapse

Question 10

Low level of ____ is associated with alzheimers

Answer 10

Ach

Question 11

_____ is associated with Parkinsons disease

Answer 11

Dopamine

Question 12

_____ is a associated with epilepsy and seizures

Answer 12

Glutamate and GABA

Question 13

______ is a ssociated with major depression

Answer 13

serotonin

Question 14

6 steps in synaptic trasmission

Answer 14

1. NT synthesis
2. NT storage
3. NT release
4. interaction on receptors
5. Reuptake
6. degredation of NT

Question 15

Ach is ____ on skeletal muscles, and _____ on cardiac muscles

Answer 15

excitatory; inhibitory

Question 16

______ is an agonist that blocks Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Answer 16

Physostigmine

Question 17

Botulinum toxin (botulin) is an _____, _____ the realse of ___

Answer 17

antagonist; blocking; Ach

Question 18

Black widow spider venom is an _____, _____ the realse of ___

Answer 18

agonist; promoting ; Ach

Question 19

Curare is an ____ that ____ Ach from binding to receptors

Answer 19

antagonist; prevents

Question 20

Nicotine is an ______ that _____ ionotropic receptors

Answer 20

agonist; stimulates

Question 21

does a Choline-rich diet increase Ach

Answer 21

yes.

Question 22

Types of tolerance

Answer 22

metabolic tolerance

cellular tolerance

learned tolerance

Question 23

metabolic tolerance

Answer 23

a. enzymes involved in degreding drugs after exposure

b. body metabolizes the drug more quikcly

Question 24

cellular tolerance

Answer 24

a. cells adjust activity levels to minimize the effects of teh drug

b. can explain why there are few behavioural effects even at concentrations

Question 25

learned tolerance

Answer 25

a. individulas learn to cope with daily lfie while using the drug b. knowing what to expect can reduce the height of the feeling

Question 26

sensitization to a drug

Answer 26

increased responsiveness to a drug with repeated use can cause lasting effects on the neuron and the dendrites

Question 27

Can drugs cause brain damage?

Answer 27

yes. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) reselmbles glutamate and can cause ---> a. apoptosis b. glutamate excitotoxicity molly.ecstasy can cause permanent brain dmg to serotonergic neurons street drugs can also be laced with harming contaminants

Question 28

psycoactive durgs groups (5)

Answer 28

group 1: antianxiety agents/sedative group 2: antipsychotic agents group 3: antidepressants/mood group 4: analegisic opioids group 5: psychotropics

Question 29

what is addiction

Answer 29

abuse pattern where a person relies on a drug chronically or excessivly

Question 30

Withdrawl symptoms

Answer 30

occurs when addict stops using the drug ---> generally feels the opposite effects that the drug gave them

Question 31

wanting-and-liking theory

Answer 31

wanting = craving the drug liking = the pleasure of the drug they get further apart the more they are used

Question 32

wanting is assocated with ____ _____ system

Answer 32

mesolimbic dopamine

Question 33

Many hormones act as NTs over a ____ range, and many NTs act as hormones over a ______ range

Answer 33

short; longer

Question 34

Steroid hormones

Answer 34

a. test, estrogen, sex hormones b. cortisol is a stress hormone c. lipid soluble, so easy to enter cell

Question 35

Peptide hormones

Answer 35

a. made of amino acid chains b. bind to metabotropic receptors to activate secondary messengers

Question 36

Hormone classifications

Answer 36

1. Homeostatic hormones 2. gonadal hormones 3. glucocroticoids

Question 37

homeostatic hormones

Answer 37

regulate physiological proccesses 1. diabetes is an example of things going wrong - insulin 2. hunger and satiety - Ghrelin triggers eating - Leptin triggers satiety

Question 38

Gonadal Hormones

Answer 38

infulences reproductive behaviours and develepment Estrogen and Testosterone

Question 39

Glucocorticoid Hormones

Answer 39

stress hormones that prepare flight-or-flight (sympathetic response) PNS cotisol, Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrencorticotropic hormone (ACTH)