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psy 246 > ch3 - anatomical stuff > Flashcards

ch3 - anatomical stuff Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

3 meninges

A

skull

  1. dura matter (top layer)
  2. Arachnoid membrane (middle)
    +subarachnoid space (filled with CSF)
  3. pia matter (bottom)
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2
Q

Ventricles

A

4 chambers in the brain holding CSF

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3
Q

Blood brain barrier BBB

A

protects the brain and spinal ord from chemical substances

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4
Q

cerebrospinal fluid CSF

A

ciculates around spinal column, the four ventricals aroudn the subarachnoid space

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5
Q

What is Hydrocephalus

A

an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deep within the brain. The ventricles enlarge cuz too full

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6
Q

ischemic stroke

A

occurs when a blood clot, known as a thrombus, blocks or plugs an artery leading to the brain

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7
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

when a blood vessel in the brain explodes (ischemic –> hemorrhagic)

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8
Q

sensory neurons

A

bring information to the central nercous system CNS

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9
Q

Growth of glial and neurons

A

stem cell
progenitor cell
Blast
Specialized

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10
Q

interneurons

A

associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS

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11
Q

motor neurons

A

send signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles

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12
Q

ependymal cell

A

small, ovid, secretes CSF

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13
Q

astrocytes

A

star chaped, symmetrical
provide nutrients, structural support, K+ buffering, protects BBB

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14
Q

Microglia

A

immune responses in the brain also protects the BBB

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

aysmmetrical - form the mylelin shealth in CNS

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16
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • wraps myelin shealth in the PNS
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17
Q

Gray matter

A

capillary blood vessels and neuronal cells

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18
Q

White matter

A

most axons that extand from neurons to connect with neurons in other part of the brain

Covered with glial cells with fatty substance (lipid)

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19
Q

reticular matter

A

a mixtre of cell bodies and axons

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20
Q

nerves

A

fibers and fiber pathways that enter and leave the CNS

ex: vagus nerve

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21
Q

tract (fiber pathways)

A

a large collection of axons projecting to or away from a nucleus or layers in the CNS

ex: corticospinal tract carries info from the cortex to the spinal cors or the optic tract

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22
Q

Layers (nuclei)

A

a well defined group of cell boies

ex: subcorical nuclei or cell body layer

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23
Q

Parts of the forebrain

A

Neocortex
Basal ganglia
limbic system
olfactory bulb
lateral ventricles

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24
Q

Parts of the brainstem

A

Diecephalon
-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-pineal body
-third ventricle

Mesecephalon
-tectum
-tegmentum
-cerebral aqueduct

Myenchephalon
-cerebellum
-pons
-fourth ventricle

Myenchephalon
-medulla oblongata
- fourth ventricle

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25
The 30 spinal segments
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral
26
Bell-Magendie Law
the dorsal root is on the posterior of the spinal cord the ventral root is on the anterior side of the spinal cord
27
Sherrington
"the spinal cord retains function even after is has been seperated from the brain"
28
Paraplegic
cant move legs
29
Quadriplegic
cant move anything
30
Reflexes
movements depent only on spinal cord function
31
flexion
movements that bring the limb inward-away from danger
32
extension
movements that extend the limb ex: hand or foot touching a surface
33
Cranial nerves
the brain oversees 12 pair, including both afferent and efferent functions
34
Cranial Nerves
there are 12 crainal nerves ex: olfactory is nerve 1
35
limbic system
the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses
36
Referred pain
pain that's felt in one part of the body, but the source of the pain is actually in another part
37
Cranial nerve 1
olfactory
38
Cranial nerve 2
optic
39
Cranial nerve 3
oculomotor (eyemovments) reaction to light lateral movement of eyes (ptosis)
40
Cranial nerve 4
trochlear (eyemovment)
41
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal largest nerve and controls face and pain things
42
Cranial nerve 6
Abducens
43
Cranial nerve 7
facial
44
Cranial nerve 8
auditory vestibular
45
Cranial nerve 9
glossopharangeal
46
Cranial nerve X
Vagus
47
Cranial nerve 11
Spinal accessory
48
Cranial nerve 12
hypoglossal
49
Tectum
"roof" sensory information form the eyes and ears superior colliculous (vision inferior colliculus (hearing
50
red nuclei
limb movement
51
substantia negra
rewarding and initiating movements
52
PAG
species typical behviours, pain, and sexual behaviours
53
Two parts of the thalamus
epithalamus - connected to the pineal gland, secretes melatonin (seasonal and body rythms) habenula - hunger and thirst
54
Huntingtons chorea
associated with basal ganglia, gradual cell death, inviluntary movements of the body also is an issue with controlling movements, not initiating them probalby involves the globulus paladus
55
Parkinsons disease
projections from substantia negra to basal ganglia die. difficulty with moving and maintaing balance
56
tourettes syndrome
involontary motor tics, the face, and head (hitting, lunging, jumping) involuntary vocalization
57
Basal ganglia "lower knots"
controlling and coordinating movements 1. caudate nucleus 2. putamen 3. globus pallidus
58
Limbic system: Neocortex
80% of the human brains volume creates and responds to the perceptions of the world
59
Limbic system: Cingulate cortex
emotions, behaviour, memory
60
Fissure
fissure is deeper than a sulci fissures divide the hemispheres (longitudinal fissure) (Lateral fissure)
61
Sulci
"clefts" Central sulcus
62
Gyri
"ridges" or "bumps"
63
Frontal lobe
motor functions
64
parietal lobes
body senses
65
temporal lobes
auditory functions
66
occipital lobes
visual functions
67
Primary areas
areas that recive projections from structures outside the neocortec or send projections to it
68
Secondary areas
send projections into the areas adjacent to them and the motor areas recive fibres from areas adjacent to them
69
Tertiary areas (association cortex)
involved in higher level cognitive function -coodinate and connect the functions of the secondary areas -language, planning, memory and attention
70
Motor and sensory cortex 6 layers
1,2,3: integrative functions 4: sensory input (afferent) 5,6: output to other parts of the brain (efferent) top to bottom goes 1-6
71
Broadman's Map
phrenology map of the brain 47 different regions this is still used today Problem: many areas can be further divided to far
72
Inferior colliculus
recives auditory input
73
Superior colliculus
recives visual input

psy 246 (15 decks)

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