CH 25 Flashcards
(27 cards)
mid ocean ridge
Hess discovered a system of mountain ranges on the sea floor separated by valleys
Rift Valley
A long narrow depression, forms in between peaks along the mid- ocean ridge.
convergent plate boundary
The boundary where two plates collide
Subduction
When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process.
Divergent plate boundary
The boundary between two plates that are moving apart.
Transform plate boundary
This type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.
Earthquake
A sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults.
Fault
A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved.
Elastic rebound
A sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault.
Focus
The point of origin for an earthquake.
Epicenter
The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
What two types of boundaries have shallow earthquakes?
Divergent and transform
Which type of plate boundary has deep earthquakes?
Convergent
What are the types of stresses that can be applied to rock?
Compression stress, tension stress, shear stress, and torsion stress
What are the two types of deformation?
Elastic deformation, and Plastic deformation
What happens to a rock when elastic deformation happens?
It deforms and turns to its original shape.
What happens to a rock when plastic deformation happens?
It deforms and remains in that shape.
What are the types of seismic waves?
Primary, secondary, and surface.
Which type of seismic wave moves the fastest?
Primary
How do primary waves move?
They are compression waves.
What type of material does p-waves move through?
Solids and liquids
How do secondary waves move?
There transverse waves.
What type of materials does s- waves move through?
Only solids
Which type of wave is more complex and causes the most damage?
Surface waves
