chapter 26

Question 1

a naturally occuring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

Mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in powered form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

When a mineral breaks along preffered planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit

Answer 4

Fracture

Question 5

the physical property that measure a minerals resistance to scratching

Answer 5

Hardness

Question 6

molten rock material inside Earth

Answer 6

Magma

Question 7

A mineral is

Answer 7

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with crystalline form.

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

Silicon and oxygen

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

the material are not living.

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

How a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

Question 11

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

luster, streak, cleavage, fracture, atomic arrangement, crystal shape, and hardness

Question 12

What are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

metallic and nonmetallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

Very easily, like a metal surface

Question 14

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

Glassy, appear earthy or waxy

Question 15

How do you preform a streak test ?

Answer 15

rub a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

Question 16

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

cleavage and fracture

Question 17

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs scale

Question 18

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of hardness?

Answer 18

1 to 10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

Minerals grow from the

Answer 20

inside out

Question 21

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

Hot water, evaporation, and molten rock

Question 22

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

silicates and nonsilicates

Question 23

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

Answer 23

silicates

Question 24

What elements are silicates made up of?

Answer 24

oxygen and silicon

Question 25

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

silicon

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

Quartz

Question 27

Define rock

Answer 27

a naturally formed mixture that can contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass bound together.

Question 28

How are rocks identified?

Answer 28

based on their texture and composition

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock's components

Question 30

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 30

within Earth's crust

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 31

Magma

Question 32

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

Answer 32

Bowen's reaction serious

Question 33

What are the 3 types of magma?

Answer 33

Mafic, intermediate, and Felsic

Question 34

Which magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 34

Mafic

Question 35

Which magma type has a high silica content?

Answer 35

Felsic

Question 36

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? | oceanic or continental

Answer 36

continental

Question 37

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? | oceanic or continental

Answer 37

Oceanic

Question 38

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

Answer 38

intrusive igneous rock

Question 39

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 39

Extrusive igneous rock

Question 40

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 40

quickly

Question 41

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 41

fine grained and aphanitic

Question 42

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 42

fine grained

Question 43

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates.

Answer 43

Extrusive rock texture

Question 44

What type of rock has a vesicular holey texture?

Answer 44

pumice

Question 45

Define clasts

Answer 45

small rock and mineral fragments

Question 46

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

water, wind, and other forces

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 47

they often become rounded before being deposited

Question 48

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 48

they can be smashed together with great force

Question 49

Define pore space

Answer 49

The empty space between clasts

Question 50

Define Compaction

Answer 50

The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

Question 51

Define cementation

Answer 51

Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process

Question 52

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 52

compaction and cementation work together

Question 53

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 53

Detritus

Question 54

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 54

Detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 55

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 55

gravel, sand, silt, or clay

Question 56

Which clasts size would be deposited first?

Answer 56

sediment layers above

Question 57

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 57

sandstone, siltstone, shale, and conglomerate

Question 58

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 58

from water that contains dissolved solids

Question 59

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 59

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 60

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 60

limestone and coal

Question 61

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 61

sandstone, limestone, and shale

Question 62

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 62

Heat, pressure, and chemical reactions

Question 63

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 63

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 64

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 64

regional metamorphism

Question 65

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?

Answer 65

contact metamorphism

Question 66

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 66

Slate

Question 67

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 67

foliated, and non foliated

Question 68

Define foliated texture

Answer 68

Crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.

Question 69

Define nonfoliated texture

Answer 69

Crystals with more random orientations

Question 70

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 70

Texture and composition

Question 71

Define rock cycle

Answer 71

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another

Question 72

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

Answer 72

Igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock

Question 73

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 73

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 74

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 74

Igneous rock

Question 75

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Answer 75

Sedimentary rock

Question 76

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 76

Metamorphic rock

Question 77

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 77

Minerals