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Physical Science > Chapter 29.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 29.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some ancient observations to proof that earth is a sphere?

A

objects fall towards Earth’s surface, people in different parts of the world see different stars, and Earth’s shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse.

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2
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance

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3
Q

Which diameter of Earth is longer?

A

Equator

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4
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful radiation

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5
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

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6
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the southern hemisphere?

A

North magnetic pole

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7
Q

At what degrees is Earths axis tilted?

A

11.7 degrees

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8
Q

Can magnetic poles flip flop?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are the large scale movements where the magnetic poles flip?

A

Magnetic reversal

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10
Q

How often do magnetic reversals occur?

A

780,000 years

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11
Q

With in Earths magnetic field what deflects solar radiation?

A

Magnetosphere

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12
Q

What are the scientific names of the northern and southern lights?

A

Auroras borealis and aurora australis

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13
Q

How are the auroras created?

A

Elected charge particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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14
Q

When is Earth closest to the sun?

A

January

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15
Q

When are we farthest to the sun?

A

Jully

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16
Q

an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

Time Zone

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17
Q

the spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earths North pole to its South pole

A

Rotation

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18
Q

the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

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19
Q

defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

Ecliptic

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20
Q

occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

Solstice

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21
Q

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

A

Equinox

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22
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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23
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

from the sun

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24
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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25
How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?
24 hours
26
How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?
15 degrees
27
What direction does the sun rise?
East
28
What direction does the sun set?
West
29
True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?
False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country boarders, and other key sites.
30
How many time zones are there in the world?
24 time zones
31
Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?
East
32
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
West
33
How many time zones are there in the United States?
6 time zones
34
What are the names of the time zones?
Central, Atlantic/Alaskan, Eastern, Hawaiian, Pacific, and Mountain
35
What is a solar day?
Sun at noon day to sun at noon the next day
36
What is a sidereal day?
See a certain star the first horizon and look at the same star the next night
37
What are the two main reasons for seasons?
the tilt of a it's axis and its orbit around the sun
38
Which 2 seasons have a solstice?
Summer and winter
39
Which month is the summer solstice?
June 21
40
Which month is the winter solstice?
December 21
41
Which two seasons are equinoxes?
Spring and Fall
42
Which month is the spring equinox?
March 20 or 21
43
Which month is the fall equinox?
September 22 or 23
44
When is the longest day of the year?
Summer solstice, June 21
45
When is the shortest day of the year?
Winter solstice, December 21
46
When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?
Spring and all equinox, March 21 or 22, September 22 or 23.
47
a rise or fall in the ocean surface
Tide
48
reflects the change in appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth
Moon Phase
49
occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth
Solar Eclipse
50
occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the moon
Lunar Eclipse
51
dark colored, flat, lava filled regions on the Moon's surface
Maria
52
a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon
Regolith
53
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?
27.3 days
54
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?
Synodic month
55
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
No
56
What causes a tide to rise or fall?
gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon
57
What is the rise of sea level called?
High tide
58
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?
6 hours
59
Which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?
Sun
60
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth's tides?
Moon
61
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
The sun, the earth and the moon are in a straight line
62
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
An L, or 90 degree angle
63
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
the positions of the moon, earth, and the sun relative to one another
64
When does a new moon occur?
When the moon is between the the earth and the sun
65
How many phases of the moon are there?
8 phases
66
What is the definition of waxing phases?
the illuminated portion that we see becomes larger and larger each night
67
What is the definition of waning phases?
the illumination decreases as the night goes on, so it becomes less and less
68
What are the moon phase names?
New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbons, full, waning gibbons, 3rd quarter, and waning crescent.
69
Where is the word month derived from?
Moon
70
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
sun, moon, and earth
71
What is an umbra?
the dark central part of a sun spot
72
What is a penumbra?
partial eclipse
73
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?
Where the earth is between the sun and the moon
74
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
Meteors, Asteroids, and Comets
75
Are there mountains on the moon?
Yes
76
Which side of the moon is thicker?
The back side
77
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
Solid
78
What did the Clementine spacecraft do?
Confirmed the thickness of the crust, and provided information on the mineral content of Moon rocks
79
What did the Lunar Prospector do?
Collected evidence of the presence of water and ice, Moon has a small, iron-rich core, orbited the moon, taking photographs of lunar surface
80
What is the Giant Impact Theory?
Mars size object collided with earth sending debris into orbit, debris sand orbit condensed creating a large size mass known as the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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