ch 26 fluid balance p2 Flashcards
(56 cards)
optimal pH of arterial blood is
7.4
Alkalosis is a pH of
7.45 or higher
acidosis
pH of 7.35 of lower
where we get H+ from
ingested food and metabolic processes, like lactic acid or loading of co2 or phosphoric acid
how do we regulate H+ concentration
chemical buffer systems, respiratory H+ regulation, renal regulation,
chemical buffer systems are
one or more compounds that resist pH change when strong acids or bases are introduced
when is H+ released, when is it bound
release when pH rises. bound when pH drops
bicarbonate buffer system
important for ECF, mixture of carbonic acid and bicarbonate salt
bicarbonate salt ties up free H+ from a strong acid to covert to what
carbonic acid
so what happens in a bicarbonate buffer system
existing carbonic acid remains intact, conversion of strong acid to weak acid lower pH just a LITTLE. carbonic acid ties up the free OH- from strong base and releases some H+ in the process, gets converted to bicarbonate salt. sodium bicarnbomaye remains intact and strong base to weak base raises pH just a little
chemical example of converting strong acid to weak acid using bicarbonate salt
HCl plus NaHCO3 goes to H2CO3 + NaCl
pH would decrease a little
example of converting strong base to weak base using carbonic acid
NaOH + H2CO3 goes to NaHCO3 + H2O
this would contribute to water formation
phosphate buffer system
important for ICF and urine, similar to bicarbonate buffer system, but with dif weak acids and bases. still there to prevent any drastic pH changes
salts of a phosphate buffer system
dihydrogen phosphate (weak acid) and monohydrogen phosphate (weak base)
converts strong acid to weak acid in phosphate buffer system
HCl + Na2H2PO4 goes to carbonic + NaCl
converting a stromg base to weak base in phosphate buffer system
NaOH + NaH2PO4 goes to Na2HPO4 + H2O
protein buffer system
important for ICF and blood plasma, carboxyl groups (-COOH) can release H+ when pH rises
NH2 groups bind the free H+ when pH decreases
amphoteric molecules are
a single protein can function as either an acid or a base depending on envi pH
proteins that act as an acid
R-COOH goes to R-COO- + H+
proteins that act as a base
R-NH2 + H+ goes to R-NH3
proteins that act as an acid do so bc
released its own H+ ion, alkalosis occurs, brings pH back down
proteins that act as a base do so bc
acidosis- like process. ties up excess H+ w the N group and acts as a base with the acidosis.
respiratory regulation of H+
this happens fast in a few mins we don’t even notice change.
CO2 accumulating means what for blood pH
lowering of blood pH
