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second half of anatomy II > ch 27 reproductive p3 > Flashcards

ch 27 reproductive p3 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

endometriosis is

A

disease where endometrial like tissue develops outside of the uterus

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2
Q

endometriosis results in

A

inflammation and scar tissue formation in pelvis, the lesions can make chocolate cysts (blood filled) on ovaries and other parts, and can be evident on first period or later

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3
Q

caused by and symptoms and treatment of endometriosis

A

severe abdominal pain, heavy or irregular periods, infertility, urinary or bowel issues

probably genetic or environment interactions - maybe coupled

treatment os just management with meds or surgery

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4
Q

female copulatory organ

A

vagina

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5
Q

vagina is

A

extending from cervix to body exterior, provides passageway for infant or mesntrual flow with pH acidic

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6
Q

hymen is

A

incomplete partition at distal vaginal orifice, important for fetal development as it blocks vagina from Environmental

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7
Q

vulva

A

structures forming female gentialia

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8
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty tissue that overlies public symphysis, helps protect pelvic girdle

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9
Q

labia. majora and what it is synonymous in men

A

extends from mons pubis, homologous to scrotum it develops from same embryo tissue

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10
Q

labia minora/in males is

A

enclosed by labia majora, same as spongy urethra

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11
Q

vestibule

A

region contain opening tp urethra and vagina

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12
Q

accessory structures n glands

A

mons pubis and labia majora and labia minora and vestibule and clitoris and bulb of vestibule

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13
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue and nerve endings, body contains corpora cavernosa. in males is penis

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14
Q

bulbs of vestibule

A

fill w blood during arousal, closes off urethra during intercourse bc it enlarges. so unwanted stuff wont gt into urethra

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15
Q

female sexual response

A

libido is driven by estrogen and DHEA, during arousal the clitoris and mucosa and bulbs of vestibule.boobs fill with blood

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16
Q

DHEA

A

androgen produced by adrenal gland with some testosterone

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17
Q

oogenesis

A

production of the ova

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18
Q

general pattern of gamete formation

A

similar to male
oogonia (diploid stem cell) divides by mitosis to form primary oocyte. then that primary oocyte will meiosis 1 ro get secondary oocyte then meiosis 2 to make ova

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19
Q

sperm vs oocyte

A

sperm is smallest cell made, oocyte is largest with 23 chromosomes and a lot of stuff for fertilization

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20
Q

function of polar bodies formed during meiosis 1 and 2

A

discard extra sets of chromosomes, while also preserving eggs cytoplasm, eventually will perish to give egg best chance at develop

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21
Q

GO TO SLIDE ON OOGENESIS

A

TELLS U PROCESS OF FETAL DEEVELOP TO PUBERTY TO FERTILIZE

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22
Q

individual developing oocyte surrounded by cells forms an

A

ovarian follice, tehe cell surrounding oocyte

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23
Q

function of ovarian follice

A

nurture oocytes during development and releases hormones

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24
Q

stages of development of follicles

A

primordial to primary to secondary to Graafian (mature)

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25
primordial follice
first follice class formed, contains single layer of cells surrounding primary oocyte but has to specialize
26
primary follicle
contains single layer of granulosa cells surrounding primary oocyte, which produce the estrogen and progesterone
27
secondary follicle
formed bc of exposure to hormones from granulose cells, contain many granulose cells and thecae cells which surround primary oocyte - then a layer called zone pellucida forms
28
thecal cells
estrogen releasers
29
transparent extracellular layer from oocyte
zona pellucida
30
zona pellucida
important for fertilization, surrounds oocyte in follice and continues maturing until Graafian follice
31
Graafian follicle
only seen after puberty, contains secondary oocyte
32
ovarian cycle
monthly series of events that leads to ovum maturation
33
before puberty what happens in the ovarian cycle
there is none. only small estrogen amounts will prevent GnRH release the hypothally is silenced so no gonadotopin and no FSH or LH
34
leptin does what
makes hypothalamus insensitive to estrogen
35
when does leptin go n make hypothalamus insensitive to estrogen
during puberty, it is what onsets it. at 8/9 when kids get chubby more fat means more leptin
36
adult cycle reached, so wha occurs
menarche
37
why would mennarche be delayed
female gymnasts
38
regulation of ovarian cycle is done by the
HPG axis
39
process of the ovarian cycle p1
hypothalamus release GnRH, anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH, FSH and LH influence follicles, and FSH makes granulose cells and thecae cells grow n release estrogen. LH will stimulate estradiol release.
40
estradiol
primary hormone released by the ovaries, gets converted to estrogen
41
next part of ovarian cycle p2
rising estrogen levels in blood inhibits GnRH release so FSH drops a LOT, then dominant follicles continues to develop Graafian follicle.
42
which follice survives drop in FSH from the inhibitation of GnRH
dominant follicle only, the one that is mostmmature closest to Graafian
43
cells of the Graafian follicle release a lot of estrogen, which makes what
surge of GnRH release and LH release
44
ovarian cycle p3
LH triggers ovulation, and forms corpus luteum, and then rising progesterone and estrogen levels form corpus luteum inhibiting GnRH release so follicle development stops
45
what is ovulation
secondary oocyte leaves ovary
46
progesterone release from corpus luteum does what
maintains uterine lining and affects hormone release from CNS
47
why is it necessary for FSH and LH to drop once follicle development stops
so there are not multiple ovulation events
48
phases of ovarian cycle
follicular, ovulation, luteal
49
follicular phase
many large follicles grow in ovaries, dominant follicle survives drop in FSH and release a lot of estrogen, and this stops once meiosis 1 is compete to form the first oocyte and first polar body
50
what happens to blood levels of estrogen in follicular phase
they rise by a lot
51
ovulation
rupture of ovary wall and releases secondary oocyte, usually just 1 secondary oocyte, and then sometimes oocytes can be released independently of hormonal cycle
52
what would happen if both secondary oocytes got fertilized
fraternal twins
53
luteal phase
occurs after ovulation, ruptured follicle collapses and remaining granulose cells form corpus luteum.
54
what is shed during the period
endometrium
55
corpus luteum if fertilization odes not occur
degenerates and progesterone stops being released, uterine lining sheds
56
corpus luteum if fertilization occurs
remains and releases hormones to maintain pregnancy and prevent spontaneous abortio.
57
corpus luteum stays until what forms
the placenta
58
LOOK AT CHART PG 57
SHOWS HORMONE LEVELS IN PHASES OF OVULATION
59
what hormones surge up when ovulating
FSH and LH
60
uterine cycle
menstrual cycle, endometrium responsive to estrogen here
61
mesntrual phase
days 0-4, occurs early in follicular phase, stratum functionalism detaches without progesterone and most of endometrial lining shed
62
proliferative phase
days 5-14, follicular phase, estrogen release stimulates formation of new stratum functionalism and ends when ovulation occurs
63
secretory phase
days 15-28, luteal phase progesterone levels rise early in phase, endometrial layer thickens and glands supply lining with nutrients from embryo, cervical plug thickens to prevent sperm and bacteria
64
secretory phase if fertilization does not occur
corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone levels drop at the end of the phase back to day 0
65
rising estrogen levels do what to female body
promotes oogenesis and follicle growth, and promotes grwoth/maturation of reproductive structures, growth spurt and then stops bone growth, then secondary sex characteristics form
66
whose bones grow faster men or Women
women
67
rising progesterone levels
work with estrogen to maintain ovarian cycle, promotes ceervical mucus changes and maintains pregnancy

second half of anatomy II (21 decks)

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