Ch. 3 & 21 Vocab

Question 0

The fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound

Answer 0

Law of definite proportions

Question 1

States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

Answer 1

Law of conservation of mass

Question 2

If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

Answer 2

Law of multiple proportions

Question 3

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

Theses short range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold the nuclear particles together

Answer 4

Nuclear forces

Question 5

The number of protons of each atom of that element

Answer 5

Atomic number

Question 6

Atoms of the same element that have different masses

Answer 6

Isotopes

Question 7

The total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope

Answer 7

Mass number

Question 8

A general term for a specific isotope of an element

Answer 8

Nuclide

Question 9

One AMU, is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Answer 9

Atomic mass unit

Question 10

The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Answer 10

Average atomic mass

Question 11

The amount of the substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms exactly 12 g of carbon-12

Answer 11

Mole

Question 12

The number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance

Answer 12

Avogadro’s number

Question 13

The mass of one mole of a pure substance

Answer 13

Molar mass

Question 14

Protons and neutrons (collectively)

Answer 14

Nucleons

Question 15

An atom identified by the number of protons and neutrons and it’s nucleus

Answer 15

Nuclide

Question 16

The difference between the mass of an atom in the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 16

Mass defect

Question 17

The energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons

Answer 17

Nuclear binding energy

Question 18

Nucleons exist in different energy levels or shells in the nucleus

Answer 18

Nuclear shell model

Question 19

The numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels-2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126

Answer 19

Magic numbers

Question 20

A reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom

Answer 20

Nuclear reaction

Question 21

A change in the identity of the nucleus as a result of the change in the number of its protons

Answer 21

Transmutation

Question 22

The spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both

Answer 22

Radioactive decay

Question 23

Particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay

Answer 23

Nuclear radiation

Question 24

An unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay

Answer 24

Radioactive nuclide

Question 25

Two protons and two neutrons bound together and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay

Answer 25

Alpha particle

Question 26

An electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay

Answer 26

Beta particle

Question 27

A particle that has the same mass as an electron but has a positive charge, and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay

Answer 27

Positron

Question 28

Inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom

Answer 28

Electron capture

Question 29

High-Energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from the excited state to a ground energy state

Answer 29

Gamma rays

Question 30

The time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay

Answer 30

Half-life

Question 31

A series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached

Answer 31

Decay series

Question 32

The heaviest nuclide of each decay series

Answer 32

Parent nuclide

Question 33

The nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclides

Answer 33

Daughter nuclides

Question 34

Bombardment of nuclei with charge and uncharged particles

Answer 34

Artificial transmutations

Question 35

Elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei

Answer 35

Transuranium elements