Ch. 6 Vocab

Question 0

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.

Answer 0

Ionic bond

Question 1

A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and the valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together

Answer 1

Chemical bond

Question 2

Results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Answer 2

Covalent bonding

Question 3

A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.

Answer 3

Nonpolar-covalent bond

Question 4

Bonds that have an uneven distribution of charge

Answer 4

Polar

Question 5

A covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons

Answer 5

Polar-covalent bond

Question 6

A neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

Answer 6

Molecule

Question 7

A chemical compounds whose simplest units are molecules

Answer 7

Molecular compound

Question 8

Indicates the relative number of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

Answer 8

Chemical formula

Question 9

Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound

Answer 9

Molecular formula

Question 10

The energy required to break a chemical bond in form neutral isolated atoms

Answer 10

Bond energy

Question 11

An electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element symbol

Answer 11

Electron-dot notation

Question 12

Formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs and covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons

Answer 12

Lewis structures

Question 13

Indicates the kind, number, arrangements, and bond but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule

Answer 13

Structural formula

Question 14

A covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Answer 14

Single bond

Question 15

Double and triple bonds

Answer 15

Multiple bonds

Question 16

Refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

Answer 16

Resonance

Question 17

Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

Answer 17

Ionic compound

Question 18

The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established

Answer 18

Formula unit

Question 19

The energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

Answer 19

Lattice energy

Question 20

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms

Answer 20

Polyatomic ion

Question 21

The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Answer 21

Metallic bonding

Question 22

The ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets

Answer 22

Malleability

Question 23

The ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire

Answer 23

Ductility

Question 24

States that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes the sets to be oriented as far apart as possible

Answer 24

VSEPR theory

Question 25

The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies

Answer 25

Hybridization

Question 26

Orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals of the same atom

Answer 26

Hybrid orbitals

Question 27

Created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

Answer 27

Dipole

Question 28

The intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

Answer 28

Hydrogen bonding

Question 29

The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons in the creation of instantaneous dipoles

Answer 29

London dispersion forces