Ch. 3 and 4

Question 0

CHROMOSOME

Answer 0

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (23 pairs) that virtually each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer chromosomes.

Question 1

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Answer 1

The chemical composition of the molecules that contain the genes, which are the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.

Question 3

GENE

Answer 3

A small section of a chromosome; the basic unit for the transmission of heredity. A gene consists of a string of chemicals that provide instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.

Question 4

ALLELE

Answer 4

A variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics. Many genes vary: others have several possible alleles.

Question 5

GENOME

Answer 5

The full set of genes that are the instructions to make an individual member of a certain species.

Question 6

GAMETE

Answer 6

Are productive call; that is, a sperm or ovum that can produce a new individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to make a zygote.

Question 7

ZYGOTE

Answer 7

The single cell formed from the union of 2 gametes.

Question 7

GENOTYPE

Answer 7

An organism’s entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential.

Question 8

HOMOZYGOUS

Answer 8

Referring to two genes of one pair that are exactly the same in every letter of their code. Most gene pairs are homozygous.