Quiz 1 Flashcards
(54 cards)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales.
*CULTURE
A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectation that persists over time and prescribe social behavior and assumption.
*MIRROR NEURONS
Cells in an observer’s brain that are activated by watching an action performed by someone else as they would be if the observer had personally performed that action.
*SCIENCE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time.
SURVEY
A research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews, written questionnaires, or some other means.
*SENSITIVE PERIOD
A time when a certain type of development is most likely, although it may still happen later with more difficulty. Ex: early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning.
NATURE
In development, nature refers to the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception.
COHORT
People born within the same historical period who therefore move through life together, experiencing the same events, new technologies, and cultural shifts at the same ages. Ex: the effect of the Internet varies depending on what cohort a person belongs to.
*SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A way to answer questions using empirical research and data-based conclusions.
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION
A method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and residing participants’ behavior in a systematic and objective manner.
HYPOTHESIS
A specific prediction that can be tested.
COHORT-SEQUENTIAL RESEARCH
A research design oh which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages (a cross sectional groups) and then follow those groups over the years ( a longitudinal approach). Also called cross sequential research or time sequential research.
*PLASTICITY
The idea that abilities, personality, and other human characteristics can change over time.
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB)
A group within most educational and medical institutions who ensure that research follows established ethical guidelines. Unlike in prior decades, most research in human development cannot begin without IRB approval.
DIFFERENCE-EQUALS-DEFICIT ERROR
The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)
A situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between 2 and 6 months old, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep.
*SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES)
A person’s position in society as determined by income, occupation, education, and place of residence. Sometimes called social class.
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
An idea that is built on shares perceptions, not on objective reality. Many age related terms ( such as childhood, adolescence, yuppie, and senior citizen) are social constructions, connected to biological traits but strongly influenced by social assumptions .
*RACE
A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups on the basis of physical appearance, typically skin color. Social scientists think race is misleading concept, as biological differences are not signified by outward appearance.
*ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS APPROACH or BIOLOGICAL THEORY
A perspective on human development that considers all the influences from the various contexts of development.
*CODE OF ETHICS
A set of moral principles or guidelines that members of professing or group are expected to follow.
*ETHNIC GROUP
People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture, and religion.
THEORY
A comprehensive set of ideas.
EMPIRICAL
Based on observation, or experiment; not theoretical.
