CH 5 n 6 Flashcards
(28 cards)
PERCENTILE
A point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100. The 50th percentile is the midpoint; half the people in the population being studied rank higher and half rank lower.
HEAD SPARING
A biological mechanism that protects the brain when the malnutrition affects body growth. The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition.
REM SLEEP
Rapid eye movement sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, and rapid brain waves.
CO SLEEPING
A custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in same room.
NEURONS
The bills of nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially the brain.
CORTEX
The outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals. Most thinking, feeling, and sensing involve the cortex. Sometimes called neocortex.
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
The area of the cortex at the front of the brain that specializes in anticipation , planning, and impulse control.
AXON
A fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.
DENDRITE
A fiber that extends from a neuron and receives electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons.
SYNAPSE
The intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
TRANSIENT EXUBERANCE
The Greg but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant’s brain during the first two years of life.
PRUNING
When applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
EXPERIENCE EXPECTANT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Brain functions that require certain basic common experiences in order to develop normally.
EXPERIENCE DEPENDENT BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Brain functions that depend on particular, variable experiences and that therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant.
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME
A life threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections
SELF RIGHTING
The inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit; literally, to return to sitting or standing upright, after being tipped over. People of all ages have self-righting impulses, for emotional as well as physical imbalance.
SENSATION
The response of a sensory system ( eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus.
PRECEPTION
The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation. Perception occurs in the cortex.
BINOCULAR VISION
The ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image. The ability is absent at birth.
MOTOR SKILLS
The learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a flicker of the eyelid.
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.
FINE MOTOR SKILLS
Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin
IMMUNIZATION
The process of protecting a person against a disease, via antibodies. Immunization can happen naturally, when someone survives a disease, or medically, usually via a small dose of the virus that stimulates the production of antibodies and thus Rene’s a person immune.
PROTEIN CALORIE MALNUTRITION
A condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food of any kind. This deprivation an result in several illnesses , severe weight loss, and even death.
