CH 3 and 4

Question 0

EMBRYONIC PERIOD

Answer 0

The stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop.

Question 1

GERMINAL PERIOD

Answer 1

The first two weeks of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.

Question 2

FETAL PERIOD

Answer 2

The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus gains about 7 lbs. ( more than 3,000 gams) and the organs become more mature, gradually able to function on their own.

Question 3

IMPLANTATION

Answer 3

The process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop.

Question 4

EMBRYO

Answer 4

The name for a developing human organism from the third through the eighth meek after conception

Question 5

FETUS

Answer 5

The name of the developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth.

Question 6

ULTRASOUND

Answer 6

An image of a fetus (or an internal organ) produced by using high frequency sound waves.

Question 7

AGE OF VIABILITY

Answer 7

The age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus might survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available.

Question 8

APGAR SCALE

Answer 8

A quick assessment of a newborn’s health. The baby’s color, heart ate, muscle tone, reflexes, etc.

Question 9

CESAREAN SECTION (C-SECTION)

Answer 9

A surgical birth, in which incisions through the mother’s abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, instead of b eing delivered through the vagina

Question 10

DOULA

Answer 10

A woman who helps with the birth process.

Question 11

TERATOGENS

Answer 11

Agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs and chemicals, that an impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death.

Question 12

BEHAVIORAL TERTOGENS

Answer 12

Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child’s intellectual and emotional functioning.

Question 13

THRESHOLD EFFECT

Answer 13

In prenatal development, when a teratogens is relatively harmless in small doses but become harmful once exposure reaches a certain level.

Question 14

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Answer 14

A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, that may occur in the fetus of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant.

Question 15

FALSE POSITIVE

Answer 15

The result of a lab test that reports something as true when the fact is not true.

Question 16

LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (LBW)

Answer 16

A body weight at birth of less than 5 1/2 lbs.

Question 17

VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW)

Answer 17

A body weight at birth less than 3 lbs, 5 ounces

Question 18

EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (ELBW)

Answer 18

A body weight at birth of less than 2 lbs 3 ounces.

Question 19

PRETERM

Answer 19

A birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 wks of the typical pregnancy. 35 of fewer wks after conception.

Question 20

SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

Answer 20

A term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected. Small for dates.

Question 21

CEREBRAL PALSY

Answer 21

A disorder that results from manage to the brain’s motor centers. People with cerebral palsy have difficulty with muscle control, so speech and movement are impaired.

Question 22

ANOXIA

Answer 22

A lack. Of oxygen that if prolonged can cause brain damage or death.

Question 23

BRAZELTON NEONATAL BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT SCALE NBAS

Answer 23

A test often administered to newborns that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, including 29 reflexes.

Question 24

REFLEX

Answer 24

An unlearned, involuntary action or movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex occurs without conscious thought.

Question 25

COUVADE

Answer 25

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers.

Question 26

PARENTAL ALLIANCE

Answer 26

Cooperation between a mother and a father based on theirs mutual commitment to their children. In a parental alliance, the parents support each other in their shared parental roles.

Question 27

POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Answer 27

A new mother's feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth.

Question 28

PARENT INFANT BOND

Answer 28

The strong , loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn.

Question 29

KANGAROO CARE

Answer 29

A form of newborn care in which mothers and sometimes fathers rest their babies on their naked chests, like a kangaroo mothers that carry their immature newborns in a pouch on their abdomen.

Question 30

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DNA

Answer 30

The chemical composition if the molecules that contain genes, which are the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.

Question 31

CHROMOSOME

Answer 31

One of the 46 molecules of the DNA (23 pairs) that virtually each cell of the human body contain sand that, together, contain all genes.

Question 32

GENE

Answer 32

A small section of a chromosome, the basic unit for the transmission of heredity. A gene consists of a string of chemicals that provide instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.

Question 33

ALLELE

Answer 33

A variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics.

Question 34

GENOME

Answer 34

The full set of genes that are the instructions to make an individual member of a certain species.

Question 35

GAMETE

Answer 35

A reproductive cell; that is, a sperm or ovum ,that can produce a new individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to make a zygote.

Question 36

ZYGOTE

Answer 36

The single ell formed from the union of two gametes.

Question 37

GENOTYPE

Answer 37

An organism's entire genetic inheritance or genetic potential.

Question 38

HOMOZYGOUS

Answer 38

Referring to two genes of one pair that a exactly e same in every letter of their code. Most genes are homozygous.

Question 39

HETEROZYGOUS

Answer 39

Referring to two genes of one pair that differ in some way. Typically one allele has only a few base pairs that differ from other member of the pair.

Question 40

23rd pair

Answer 40

The chromosome pair, in humans, determines sex. The other 22 pairs are autosomes; inherited equally by males and females.

Question 41

XX

Answer 41

A 23d chromosome pair that consists of two x shaped chromosome.one each from the mother and father. Female

Question 42

XY

Answer 42

A 23d chromosome pair that consists of an x shaped chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father. Males

Question 43

STEM CELLS

Answer 43

Cells from which any other specialized type of cell can form.

Question 44

MONOZYGOTIC TWINS

Answer 44

Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development. Identical twins

Question 45

DIZYGOTIC TWINS

Answer 45

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time.

Question 46

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Answer 46

A general term for the techniques designed to help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a pregnancy.

Question 47

IN VITRO FERRTILIZATION

Answer 47

Fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body as in a glass lab dish. The procedure involves mixing sperm with ova that have been surgically removed from the woman's ovary. If a zygote is produced, it is inserted into a woman's uterus, wherein may implant and develop into a baby

Question 48

PHENOTYPE

Answer 48

The observable characteristics of a person, including appearance, personality, intelligence , and all other traits.

Question 49

POLYGENIC

Answer 49

Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.

Question 50

MULTIFACTORIAL

Answer 50

Referring to a trait that is affected by many factors, both genetic, and environmental, that enhance, halt,shape, or alter the expression of genes, resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype.

Question 51

EPIGENTIC

Answer 51

.

Question 52

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

Answer 52

An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. It's effort was essentially completed in 2001. Through analysis is ongoing.

Question 53

DOMINANT-RECESSIVE PATTERN

Answer 53

The interaction of a heterozygous pair of alleles in such a way that the phenotype reflects one allele the dominant gene more than the other the recessive gene.

Question 54

X LINKED

Answer 54

A gene carried on the X chromosome. If a male inherits an x linked recessive trait from his mother, he expresses that trait because the y from his father has no counteracting gene. Females are more likely traits to be carriers of x linked traits but are less likely to express them.

Question 55

COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS

Answer 55

Genes with various repeats or deletion a of base pairs.

Question 56

HERITABILITY

Answer 56

A statistic that indicates what percentage of the variation in a particular trait within a particular pop., in a particular context and era, can be traced to genes.

Question 57

DOWN SYNDROME

Answer 57

A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. With 3 rather than 2 chromosomes at the 21st site.

Question 58

FRAGILE X SYNDROME

Answer 58

A genetic disorder in which part of X chromosome seems to be attached to the rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. The cause is a single gene that has more than 200 repetitions of one triplet.

Question 59

GENETIC COUNSELING

Answer 59

Consultation and testing by trained experts that enable individuals to learn about their genetic heritage.

Question 60

PHENYLKETONURIA

Answer 60

A genetic disorder in which a child's body is unable to metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine. Unless an infant immediately begins a special diet.