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Ch 3 Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

clinical assessment

A

evaluation and measurement of social, biological, psychological factors in a person with a possible psychological disorder

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2
Q

Diagnosis

A

determining if one’s problem meets the criteria for a psychological disorder (DSM-5)

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3
Q

DSM-5-TR

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision

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4
Q

Three concepts that determine value of an assessment

A

reliability, validity, standardization

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5
Q

Reliability

A

if one’s behavior is modified because someone is observing them

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6
Q

inter rater reliability

A

psychologists design their assessment devices carefully and then conduct research on them to ensure that more than 2 assessors get the same result

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7
Q

test-retest reliability

A

Psychologists determine if assessment techniques are stable over time

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8
Q

validity

A

the degree to which a techniques measures what it is supposed to measure

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9
Q

concurrent validity

A

comparing the results of an assessment with the results of others that are better established

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10
Q

predictive validity

A

how well your assessment tells you what will happen in the future

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11
Q

Standardization

A

Application of standards to ensure consistency

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12
Q

norms

A

groups of people who are similar to the patient in age, gender, cultural background, etc.

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13
Q

procedures used in a clinical assessment

A

clinical interview, mental status exam, physical examination, psychological test, and behavioral observation

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14
Q

What does a clinical interview do

A

gets information on past and current behavior + history of individual’s life

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15
Q

mental status exam

A

systematic observation of an individual’s behavior

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16
Q

What are the five categories in a mental status exam?

A
  • Appearance + behavior
  • Thought processes
  • Mood + affect
  • Intellectual functioning
  • Sensorium
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17
Q

appearance + behavior

A
  • clear behavior
  • clothing worn
  • appearance, expressions, posture
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18
Q

thought processes

A
  • rate of speech
  • continuity of speech
  • content of speech
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19
Q

mood + affect

A
  • main feeling state of individual
  • how individual feels after saying something
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20
Q

intellectual functioning

A
  • type of vocabulary
  • use of abstractions and metaphors
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21
Q

sensorium

A

awareness of surroundings in terms of person, time, and place

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22
Q

semi structured interviews

A

carefully planned questions to obtain useful information from patient

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23
Q

disadvantage of semi structured interviews

A

stops patient from volunteering information they think might not be useful to answering the question

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24
Q

ADIS-5

A

Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-5)

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25
What is ADIS-5 used for?
diagnosing anxiety disorders
26
SCID-5
structured clinical interview
27
what is SCID-5 used for
assess a variety of disorders
28
Dr. Swan listened carefully to Joyce’s speech pattern, noting its speed, content, and continuity. She noticed no looseness of association but did hear indications of delusional thoughts and visual hallucinations.
thought processes
29
Anwar arrived at the clinic accompanied by police, who had found him dressed only in shorts although the temperature was 5 degrees . He was reported to the police by someone who saw him walking very slowly down the street making strange faces and talking to himself.
appearance and behavior
30
When Lisa was brought to Dr. Miller’s office, he asked if she knew the date and time, her identity, and where she was.
sensorium
31
Dr. Jones viewed Tarik’s laughter after discussing his near-fatal incident as inappropriate and noted that Tarik appeared to be elated.
mood and affect
32
Mark’s vocabulary and memory seemed adequate, leading Dr. Epstein to estimate that Mark was of average intelligence.
intellectual functioning
33
behavioral assessments
direct observation to formally asses one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in some situations
34
target behaviors
determine factors that cause some behaviors
35
what does observational assessment focus on
antecedents, behaviors, consequences
36
informal observation
relies on observer's recollection and on their interpretation of events
37
formal observation
identifying specific behaviors that are measurable and observable
38
self-monitoring (observation)
one evaluating their own behavior to find patterns
39
reactivity
observing how people behave, but your mere presence can cause them to modify their behavior
40
Intelligence testing
Determine structure and patterns of cognition
41
psychological tests
Determine cognitive, behavioral, or emotional responses that might be associated with a specific disorder
42
Neuropsychological testing
determine if the patient's condition is caused by brain damage or dysfunction
43
Neurobiological procedures
Use of imaging to assess brain structure and function
44
Projective test
Present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their answers will reveal their unconscious conflicts
45
Rorschach Inkblot test
10 inkblot images presented to patient that has to describe what they see
46
Comprehensive system
How the inkblot cards should be presented, what examiner should say, how responses are recorded
47
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
People will reveal their unconscious mental processes in their stories about the pictures
48
Personality Inventories
Self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits by asking participants to identify descriptions that apply to them
49
neuroimaging
identify brain structure and function
50
computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
identifies and locates brain abnormalities in the structure or shape of the brain
51
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
measures brain activity
52
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)
identifies brain activity and structure
53
psychophysiological assessment
assess brain structure and function (specifically) + nervous system activity (generally)
54
electroencephalogram (EEG)
Measure of electrical activity patterns in the brain taken through electrodes placed on the scalp.
55
event-related potential
brief period of EEG patterns recorded in response to specific events
56
What type of EEG waves are typically seen in a healthy, relaxed adult who is awake
Alpha waves
57
Delta Waves
occur during deep sleep with slower brain waves
58
classical categorization approach
assumption of clear differences among disorders, each with a different known cause.
59
dimensional approach
categorizing characteristics and quantifying them on a scale
60
prototypical approach
focuses on key features that define something but allows for some differences
61
test of frontal lobe function (STROOP)
tests mental flexibility and it can be accurate
62
naturalistic observation
- situated in school or at home - focus on interactions and behavior - participant observers
63
analog observation
-situated in a lab, videotape, artificial - focus on interactions and behavior - trained observers
64
self-monitoring
-situated in natural environments -focus on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior -client
65
advantage of naturalistic and analog observation
- get a lot of information from witnessing behavior
66
disadvantages of naturalistic and analog observation
reliability issue: different behaviors validity issue: reactivity
67
reactivity
modification of one's behavior because of the knowledge that someone is observing you
68
advantages of self-monitoring
- can determine frequency of behaviors - can assess one's thoughts and perceptions
69
disadvantages of self-monitoring
validity issues like accuracy and reactivity

Psychology (5 decks)

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