- 6% -15% of Canadian population - sx remain relatively stable over time - very difficult to treat - can get worse after a loss

- 0.3% - 0.5% of adults - more common with men

- avoids social relationships - limited emotional expression

- disregard/violate others' rights - linked to adult criminal behavior - addictions - lack empathy

- instability in mood, self-image, relationships - impulsivity - suicidal actions + threats - fear of abandonment (coping strategy)

Personality Disorders Flashcards by Angela Y

personality definition

unique and long-term pattern that is consistent

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what does personality look like in healthy people

flexible + adaptable to new environments

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how is personality with people with personality disorders

inflexible
rigid pattern
seen in most social interactions

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prevalence

6% -15% of Canadian population
sx remain relatively stable over time
very difficult to treat
can get worse after a loss

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Cluster A (odd) personality disorder characteristics

display behaviour similar to, but not as extensive as ‘schizophrenia’
rarely seek treatment

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Odd personality disorder types

paranoia, schizoid, schizotypal

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paranoia characteristics

deep distrust + suspicion of others
(critical of people + blame others, hold grudges)
usually not “delusional”

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paranoia statistics

0.3% - 0.5% of adults
more common with men

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schizoid

avoids social relationships
limited emotional expression

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schizoid statistics

under 0.1% of population slightly higher in M than W

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schizotypal characteristics

extreme discomfort in relationships
odd/bizarre ways of thinking + acting
poor ability to focus attention

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schizotypal statistics

2 - 4 % of all people
Slightly more men than woman

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causes of cluster A personality disorders > psychodynamic

demanding or rejecting/abusive parents

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causes of cluster A personality disorders > cognitive

disorders/deficiencies in thinking

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biological causes of cluster A personality disorders

genetic causes

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psychodynamic treatment for cluster A personality disorders

work towards building satisfying relationships

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cognitive treatment for cluster A personality disorders

evaluate emotions + perceptions

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behavioral treatment for cluster A personality disorders

teach social skills

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medication treatment for cluster A personality disorders

generally useless except for schizotypal (antipsychotic drugs)

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what type of personality disorders are more commonly diagnosed?

Cluster B > Dramatic Personality Disorders

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dramatic personality disorders behaviors

dramatic, emotional, or erratic
damages personal relationships

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antisocial traits

disregard/violate others’ rights
linked to adult criminal behavior
addictions
lack empathy

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antisocial statistics

2-3% people in US
M > W

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borderline traits

instability in mood, self-image, relationships
impulsivity
suicidal actions + threats
fear of abandonment (coping strategy)

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borderline statistics

- 1.5% - 2.5% of general population - 75% women

histrionic traits

- extreme emotions - attention-seeking - need for approval + praise - self-centered

histrionic statistics

W > M (could be gender bias)

narcissistic traits

- need admiration - lack empathy - exaggerate achievements - take advantage of other people

narcissistic statistics

- 1% of adults - 75% = Men

antisocial causes > psychodynamic

no parental love

antisocial causes > behavioral

modeling/reinforcement (rewarded for bad behavior)

antisocial causes > cognitive

belief that other people's needs = not important

antisocial causes > biological

- lowers serotonin + lowers arousal levels (thrills, risks, excitement)

borderline causes > psychodynamic

lack of acceptance by parents/(sexual) abuse

borderline causes > biological

- reactive amygdala - underactive prefrontal cortex - lower serotonin levels

histrionic causes > psychodynamic

- feeling unloved + fear of abandonment

histrionic causes > cognitive

believe can't care for selves ; find caregiver

histrionic causes > sociocultural/multicultural

society's norms + expectations

narcissistic causes > psychodynamic

- rejecting parents - grandiosity = to feel self-sufficient

narcissistic causes > cognitive- behavioral

overvalue self-worth

narcissistic causes > sociocultural

linked to "eras of narcissism" in society

Antisocial Tx

- no effective tx - little motivation to change (forced into therapy) - cognitive therapy : moral issues, needs of others - meds do not help

Borderline Tx

- improvement possible but VERY difficult clients - Dialectical Behavioural Therapy - meds can help BUT high risk of suicide attempts

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

relationship disturbance, poor sense of self, needs of others, social skills

Histrionic Tx

- more likely to seek tx BUT difficult to work with - cognitive> change 'helplessness' to better problem-solving - meds are not helpful , except to relieve depression in some

Narcissistic Tx

- VERY difficult to treat (seek therapy for depression) - often manipulate therapist - No tx is very successful

Cluster C > Anxious Personality Disorders description

- anxious + fearful behavior - research = very limited - Txs = moderately helpful

List the Cluster C personality disorders

avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive

avoidant traits

- discomfort in social situations - feelings of inadequacy - sensitive to negative evaluation

avoidant stats

- 1 - 2 % adults - M = W

dependent traits

- excessive need to be taken care of - fear of separation - suicidal thoughts

dependent stats

- 2% of population - W = M

Obsessive Compulsive traits

- preoccupation: order, perfection, control - unreasonably high standards - superficial relationships

Obsessive Compulsive stats

- M 2x > W

Psychodynamic causes : avoidant

shame anal stage fixation

Cognitive causes : avoidant

assume will get judged

Behavioral causes: avoidant

lack social skills

psychodynamic causes : dependent

- unresolved oral stage conflicts > lifelong need for nurturance (smothering)

behavioral causes: dependent

- rewarded for clinginess + 'punished' for independence (modelling)

cognitive causes: dependent

2 beliefs: - 'helpless' - ' must find a protector'

psychodynamic causes: obsessive compulsive

anal regressive

cognitive causes: obsessive compulsive

cognitive distortions help maintain disorder

Avoidant Txs

- learn acceptance + affection in therapy - exposure - Group Tx - practice social interactions - antianxiety/antidepressants = sometimes useful

Dependent Txs > psychodynamic

similar to tx for depression

Dependent Txs > cognitive-behavioral

target beliefs of helplessness > assertiveness training

More tx for dependent

-antidepression medication - group tx

Obsessive Compulsive Tx

- unlikely to seek tx - may use psychodynamic/cognitive therapy - SSRI's > increases serotonin

Personality Disorders Flashcards

(69 cards)