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RT 77 pathology > Ch. 3 Respiratory system > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Respiratory system Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. Ventilation

2. Diffusion

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2
Q

Define ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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3
Q

Define diffusion

A

gas exchange between the lungs and circulatory system

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4
Q

how is the respiratory system divided into

A
  1. Upper respiratory: Nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx

2. Lower respiratory tract: Trachea, Lungs, bronchi and aveoli

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5
Q

The ____ lines the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal pleura

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6
Q

____ adheres directly to lung tissue

A

visceral pleura

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7
Q

How is the mediastium divided into

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Middle
  3. Posterior
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8
Q

The anterior mediastiun contains the

A
  1. Thyroid gland

2. Thymus gland

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9
Q

The middle mediastinum contains the :

A
  1. Heart
  2. Great vessels
  3. esophagus
  4. Trachea
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10
Q

The posterior mediastiun contains the:

A
  1. Descending aorta

2. Spine

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11
Q

What is the function of the bony thorax and what does it consist of

A

Assist in inspiration and expiration

  1. Ribs
  2. Sternum
  3. Thoracic vertebrae
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12
Q

Paranasal sinus are lined with ____ and communicate with the nasal cavities.

A

respiratory epithelium

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13
Q

Why is chest x-ray the most frequent performed exam in radiograph

A

it gives information about :

  1. Tissue
  2. Bone
  3. Pluera
  4. Medistinum
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14
Q

What should be seen on a PA chest xray

A
  1. Minimum of 10 posterior ribs
  2. Thoracic vertebra and disk spaces
  3. Right lung 1-2 cm higher than left side
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15
Q

____ exam is used to visualize apices of the chest

A

lordotic chest radiographs

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16
Q

What is the medical term for depressed sternum

A

pectus escavatum

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17
Q

“Sail sign” on a chest xray indicates which structure

A

thymus gland of a pediatric patient

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18
Q

Define subcutaneous emphysema
-What type of pathology:
Classification? ____

A

air in the subcutaneous tissue of the body
-Subtractive pathology
traumatic

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19
Q

What is the modality of choice for pulmonary adenopathy ( enlargment of lymph nodes)

A

CT

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20
Q

Where is the proper placement for an endotracheal tube (ET)

A

just above the carina

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21
Q

What is a swan-ganz catheter used for

How is it inserted

Study These Flashcards
A

multilumen pulmonary artery catheter used to monitor cardiac function

Inserted through subclavian vein

22
Q

Where is a chest tube inserted and what is it used for

Study These Flashcards
A

inserted in the chest wall between ribs

  • High for air
  • Low for fluid
23
Q

____ lines are impregnated with antibiotics.

Where is the proper location for it

Study These Flashcards
A

CVP
central venous pressure lines, catheter that allows for alternative injection site

*tip of catheter in the distal superior vena cava , above the right atrium

24
Q

a pulmonary artery catheter is known as

Study These Flashcards
A

Swan ganz catheter

25
name types of access caths
1. Hickman catheter (outside) 2. Port-a-cath (inside) inserted through the subclavian vein , below the skin under clavicle)
26
What are intraaortic balloon pumps (IABP) -Where is it placed
catheter that allows for inflation and deflation of mechanical support of left ventricle . -Helps reduce workload of heart. Placed in descending aorta
27
What are pacemakers for and where are they inserted
pacing electrodes are placed in the right ventricle. used for electrical pacing of the heart
28
What is respiratory failure
lack of respiratory function or lack of oxygen and carbon dioxide exhange
29
inability to move air into and out of the lungs resulting in increased CO2 levels
hyerpcapnia
30
low oxygen levels within arterial blood
hypoxemia
31
What causes respiratory failure
1. obstructed air way | 2. respiratory muscle fatigue
32
What are symptoms of respiratory failure
1. gasping breathing 2. tachypnea 3. tachycardia
33
what is cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive gene that affects exocrine glands such as the pancreas and salivary glands
34
``` what is hyaline membrane disease Nickname:___ Type of pathology:___ Classification? How is this diagnosed:____ ```
respiratory distress syndrome - Affects premature infants under 37 weeks - incomplete development of the surfactant producing system ``` *additive pathology Radiographic congenital appearance= ground glass *Chest x-ray ```
35
what is the radiographic sign for RDS: hyaline membrane disease. What type of pathology is it?
ground glass appearance *additive pathology
36
what is the most frequent type of lung infection
pneumonia
37
What is pnuemonia -How is this diagnosed - Type of pathology Classification?
inflammation of the lung that affects pulmonary function *Additive pathology -Chest x-ray inflammatory
38
Severe bacterial pneumonia
Legionnaires' disease | *additive pathology
39
Pneumonia that is caused by the aspiration of acid vomitus AKA :_____ Type of pathology:_____
aspiration pnuemonia AKA: chemical pneumonia *Additive pathology
40
What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) How to diagnose this:____ What type of pathology is it:____ - Classification?
infection caused by inhalation of the M. (mycobacterium) tuberculosis Radiographic sign= lesions at the apices *Additive pathology inflammatory * chest x-ray
41
what exam should be performed with suspected tuberculosis?
lordotic chest x-ray
42
What does COPD stand for and what is it - What type of pathology - Classification? - How to diagnose this
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction *subtractive pathology Inflammatory * Chest x-ray
43
What are the 2 most common COPD diseases
1. Bronchitis | 2. Emphysema
44
what is emphysema - What type of pathology? _ - Classification?_ - What is the radiographic appearnce
distended alveoli of the lungs due to loss elasticity that causes shortness of breath *subtractive pathology Inflammatory *Radiographic appearance= depressed or flattened diaphragm
45
what is a lung abscess What type of pathology:__ Classification? How to diagnose this:____
dead lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris *additive pathology inflammatory chest x-ray
46
Define pluerisy
inflammation of the pleura that causes chest pain
47
# Define plueral effusion exam that diagnoses this____ -What type of pathology:_ Classification? radiographic signs:____
Collection of fluid in the plueral cavity *additive pathology inflammatory chest x-ray Blunting of the costophrenic angles or shifting of the mediastium contralateral side of chest
48
# define hemothorax Classification | Pathology
Collection of blood in the pleural cavity * Additive pathology Inflammator
49
What is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the US What type of pathology is it:______
Bronchiogenic carcinoma *Additve pathology
50
What is bronchiogenic carcinoma what exam is used to diagnose this classification?
Fatal disease in which malignant tumors that arise near the hilar region of the chest. - Larger than 6 mm to show on x-ray - Smaller than 6 mm show on CT scan *Additve pathology neoplastic
51
True or false: lung metastes is more common than primary lung neoplasms Type of pathology:____ What exam is used to diagnose this?
True Chest CT *Additive pathology
52
What are the most common sites for metastes to occur
1. breast 2. GI tract 3. Female reproductive system 4. Prostate 5. Skin 6. Kidneys

RT 77 pathology (13 decks)

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