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RT 77 pathology > ch. 6 hepatobillary system > Flashcards

ch. 6 hepatobillary system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the hepatobillary system composed of?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Biliary tree
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2
Q

Is the pancreas included in the hepatobilary system?

A

no but it is closely related because it shares a portion of the bilary ductal system

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3
Q

Largest SOLID organ in the body is the _______

A

liver

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4
Q

The right lobe and left lobe are separated by ____

A

falciform ligament

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5
Q

Name the functions of the liver

A
  1. substance metabolism
    2 Synthesis of sunstance
  2. Detox of substance
  3. Stores vitamen B
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6
Q

The liver has a dual supply of blood that comes from ___ & ____

A
  1. hepatic artery ( takes oxygenated blood to the liver)

2. Portal vein ( returns venous blood to the inferior vena cava)

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7
Q

What are the functions of the hepatic artery and the portal vein

A

Dual supply of blood that comes from
1. hepatic artery ( takes oxygenated blood to the liver)

  1. Portal vein ( Returns venous blood to the inferior vena cava)
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8
Q

____ drains bile that is produced by the liver and drains it into the duodenum

A

Biliary tree

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the biliary tree

A

drains bile produced by the liver into the duodenum

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10
Q

What forms the common bile duct

A
  1. Cystic duct

2. common hepatic duct

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11
Q

The short part of the common bile duct after joining the pancreatic duct is known as _____

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla
aka
ampulla of vater

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12
Q

Ampulla of vater is also known as

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

It is the short portion of the commonbile duct and the pancreatic duct m

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13
Q

Rt and Lt hepatic ducts forms the _____

A

Common hepatic duct

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14
Q

Name the Biliary tree

A
  1. RT and LT duct forms the
  2. Common hepatic duct that meets with the
  3. Cystic duct , these 2 form
  4. Common bile duct that meets with the
  5. Pancreatic duct that forms the
  6. Hepatopancreatic amulla ( ampulla of vater)
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15
Q

what is another name for the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

Function _____

A

Spinchter of Oddi

regulate the bile flow into the duodenum

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16
Q

Sphincter of oddi is also known as ____.

Function___

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter

regulates bile into the duodenum

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17
Q

_____ regulate the flow of bile into the duodenum

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter

aka spinchter of oddi

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18
Q

Hormone that is released in the presence of fatty food in the stomach.

A

Cholecystokinin

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19
Q

The release of bile into the duodenum is triggered by ____.

A

Cholecystokinin

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20
Q

What is the purpose of bile

A

Emulsifies fats for absorption

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21
Q

Pear shaped sac found on the underside of the right liver :_______

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder

A

store bile that is produced by the liver

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23
Q

The gallbladder recieves bile from the liver via the _____

A

hepatic duct

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24
Q

Elongated, flat organ that croses to the left side of the abdomen and behind the stomach

A

Pancreas

Functions as both exocrine and endocrine glads

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25
Name the 3 digestive enzyme that is produced by the pancreas (Exocrine function)
1. Trypsin- Breaks down protien 2. Amylase- Breaks down starches 3. Lipase- Breaks down lipids *DIscarged through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum)
26
describe the endocrine function of the pancreas
Pancreas is composed of specialized cells ( Islets of langerhans) these cells are categorized as: * Alpha cells- produce glucagon * Beta cells- produce insulin * these two regulate carb metabolism Both are discharged in the blood
27
What is pnuemobilia
gas in the biliary tree
28
What does PTC stand for? What is it _____? What does it do ?
1. Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography 2. Exam done to visualize the biliary tree with the use of a Chiba needle inserted in the tree. 3. Identify medical jaundice (hepatocellular dysfunction ) from surgical jaundice (biliary obstruction) or identify a tumor in the distal common bile duct
29
what is the difference between medical jaundice and surgical jaundice which exam determines this
medical= hepatocellular dysfunction surgical = biliary obstruction determine with PTC
30
jaundice caused from biliary obstruction is known as ____
Sugical jaundice
31
Jaundice caused by hepatocellular dysfunction is known as ___
Medical jaundice
32
1. What does ERCP stand for? 2. What is it____ 3. What does it examin
1. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram 2. Procedure done by a GI doctor with the use of an endoscope to vizualize the biliary system and pancreatic duct. The endoscope travels to the duodenum and then a catheter is pushed to the common bile duct / pancreatic duct in which retrograde injection of contrast is injected 3. used for : non-dilated ducts, stone extraction and stent placement
33
what does ERCP stand for
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram
34
Stones in the biliary tree are seen radiographically as ____
Air bubbles
35
What is operative cholangiography
Exam done during surgery in which a needle is inserted into the Cystic duct or CBD with contrast to vizualize biliary calculi or need for CBD exploration
36
Why is it important that no air bubbles be injected into the ductal system during an operative cholangiogram?
becuase the bubbles can mimic stones
37
What is a T-tube cholangiography
exam performed after cholecystectomy to check the patency of the CBD and for calculi with the use of T-tube and contrast.
38
What is the modality of choice to evaluate the gallbladder why???
Real time sonography can also evaluate: Portal hypertension and portosytemic collateral circulation Because: * Non-invasive * No radiation exposure * Body size and type does not matter
39
When is CT used to visualize the hepatobiliary system
when there is suspected malignancy and to examine the masses of gallbladder, liver and pancreas
40
What is a Cholescintigraphy
Nuclear medicine study
41
Describe Cirrhosis Classifications Pathology
Chronic liver condition that destroys the function and structure of the liver Inflammatory Both additive. And subtractive Caused by hepatocyte damage
42
Portal hypertension can result in what 2 conditions 1. ____ 2. ____
1. Esophageal variaces (dilation of the esophageal veins) 2. Ascites= Fluid collection in the perotoneal cavity
43
Describe viral hepatits
* There are 6 types of hepatits A-E & G * They cause acute inflammation of the liver that then interferes with excreting bilirubin which is a pigment in bile. * Results in jaundice fatigue and anorexia
44
When is hepatits classified as chornic
If liver inflammation persists over 6 months
45
Describe hepatitis A
* Most common and highly contagious. * Short period of time and does not lead to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis * Spread through food or fecal material that is contaminate inflammatory None
46
Describe hepatits B Contraction___ classification pathology
* Contracted through perenteral routs of serum or blood * longer incubation period and can result in chronic hepatits and liver failure inflammatory none
47
Describe Hep C Contaction____?
1. Contracted by parenteral RNA virus such as blood transfusions 2. Can cause acute or chronic hepatits 3. 10 - 20% of cases lead to cirrhosis Inflammatory None
48
What percent of hepatits C cases leads to cirrhosis
10-20 %
49
What is cholelitiasis classification pathology
``` Gallstones -occurs mostly in woman - Can be single stone or multiple stones (small stones can become stuck in the bile duct causing obstruction or jaundice ) ``` inflammatory additive
50
Acute inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis inflammatory None If left untreated can cause infarction and gangrenous state which results in rupture of the walls
51
Obstruction in the small bowel that results from a gallstone that erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel
gallstone ileus
52
Define gallstone ileus
Obstruction in the small bowel that results from a gallstone that erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel
53
what is pancreatitis Exam to diagnose___ classification pathology
inflammation of the pancreas * Most complex and challenging disorder of the abdomen Exam: CT scan 2 types: * acute: does not affect the makeup of the pancreas * Chronic affects the histologic makeup of the pancreas = Irreversible changes inflammatory none
54
what is Most complex and challenging disorder of the abdomen
pancreatitis inflammatory none
55
Fluid collection caused by pancreatitis
pseudocyst
56
Discoloration of the skin to yellow that is a sign of a disease calcification - Pathology
Jaundice inflammatory none 2 types: *Medical (non-obstructive) occurs when there is destruction of RBC *Surgical (Obstructive) occurs when bile can not enter the duodenum due to obstruction
57
Describe hepatocellular adenoma Exam to diagnose classification pathology
Benign tumor of the liver Seen by CT and U/S neoplastic additive
58
Describe hemangioma Exam to diagnose
``` most common tumor of the liver *Benign neoplasm of blood vessels Subtractive Neoplastic *CT scan ```
59
What is the most common liver tumor classification pathology
hamangioma (benign) ( Neoplasm of blood vessels) Neoplastic Subtractive
60
Port wine stain is used to decribe ____
heangioma
61
A primary neoplasm of the liver is known as
Hepatocellular carcinoma Additive Neoplastic
62
A secondary liver cancer is known as Where does it come from____ Exam to diagnose __
Metastatic liver disease * more common than primary neoplasm because of the blood filtration in the liver * Comes from: Colon, pancreas, stomach, lung and breast Exam: Ultrasound Neoplastic Subtractive
63
Describe carcinoma of the gallbladder Exam to diagnose: Radiographic appearacnce ___
Malignant neoplasms of the gallbladder. Does not often occur Neoplasic None CT and U/S Porcealin gallbladder
64
Appearance of a porecelain gallbladder can indicate which pathology classification Pathology
Carcinoma of the gallbladder neoplastic None -Malignant neoplasm of gallbaldder.
65
Describe carcinoma of the pancrease Exam to diagnose_
fatal cancer of the pancreas * when the carcinoma is located in the head of the pancrease it may be visible on barium studies CT scan Neoplastic Additive
66
fatal cancer of the pancreas Classification pathology
carcinoma of the pancreas neoplastic additive
67
Malignant neoplasms of the gallbladder. Classification Pathology
Gallbladder carcinoma neoplastic None
68
____ Used to see Solitary, round increased echogenic lesion
sonography
69
____ Used to Label red cells attracted to vascular tumor
nuclear medicine
70
Why exam identifies medical janders from surgicals jaundice
PTC | Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
71
Term for gas in biliary tree
Pneumobilia

RT 77 pathology (13 decks)

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