Ch 31 - Fungi Flashcards
(27 cards)
Fungi are
heterotrophs and absorb nutrients from outside their bodies
Fungi can be
Decomposers, parasites, and mutualists
Yeasts
Single celled body structure
Mycelia
networks of branched hyphae adapted for absorption
Fungal cell walls
Contain chitin
Coenocytic fungi
Lack septa and have a continuous cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
Haustoria
Specialized hyphae that allow fungi to penetrate the tissues of their host
Mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
Form sheaths of hyphae over a root and grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
extend hyphae through the cell walls of root cells and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell membrane
Spores
Haploid cells dispersed by mycorrhizal fungi to colonize soil
Pheromones
Sexual signaling molecules used by fungi to communicate their mating type
Plasmogamy
The union of cytoplasm from two parent mycelia
Heterokaryon
A state where the haploid nuclei from each parent do not fuse right away and coexist in the mycelium
Karyogamy
Results in the fusion of two haploid nuclei and the formation of a diploid nucleus
Molds
Produce haploid spores by mitosis and form visible mycelia
deuteromycetes
Molds and yeasts that have no known sexual stage
Fungi are more closely related to
Animals, namely unicellular nucleariids
Animals are most closely related to
Unicellular choanoflagellates
Basidomycetes
Include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi
Basidium
A club-shaped spore-bearing structure produced by certain fungi.
Endophytes
Fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts
Lichen
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism
Hypha
each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
