Ch 40 Flashcards
(66 cards)
Anatomy
The study of the biological form of an organism
Physiology
The study of the biological functions an organism performs
The comparative study of animals reveals that form an
function are closely related
Behavior
How an animal changes its relationship to the environment
The body plan of an animal is programmed by the
genome, a product of millions of years of evolution
Rate of exchange is proportional to
a cell’s surface area
Amount of exchange material is proportional to
a cell’s volume
Rate of energy (heat) exchange is proportional to
the body surface area
Amount of heat is proportional to
the body volume
In flat animals such as tapeworms most cells are in
direct contact with its environment
Interstitial Fluid
A fluid that fills the space between cells which allows for the movement of material in and out of cells
A complex body plan helps an animal living in a variable environment to maintain
a relatively stable internal environment
Tissues
Specialized cells that have different functions
Cell Hierarchy
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems
4 Types of Tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body
Shapes of epithelial cells
Cuboidal, Columnar, or Squamous
Arrangement of Epithelial Cells
Simple (Single layer), Stratified (Multiple tiers), or Pseudostratified (Single layer of cells varying in length)
3 Types of Connective Tissue Fiber
Collagenous fibers (for strength and flexibility), Reticular fibers (to join tissues), Elastic fibers (stretch and snap back to original position)
Connective Tissue
Mainly binds and supports other tissues
Fibroblasts
Secrete the protein of extracellular fibers
Macrophages
Involved in the immune system
Loose connective tissue
Binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place
Fibrous connective tissue
Found in tendons and ligaments
