Ch. 34 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE in regard to children and their respiratory system?
Children are predominantly mouth breathers.
The relative size of their tonsils and adenoids is smaller than those of adults.
The tracheobronchial tree is not complete at birth.
The quantity of alveoli increases until 8 years of age.

Answer 1

The quantity of alveoli increases until 8 years of age

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true regarding surfactant and its function?
It is a lipid protein mix produced by type II cells.
It inhibits normal gas exchange.
It lines alveoli.
It reduces surface tension.

Answer 2

It inhibits normal gas exchange

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the infant’s immune system?
Passive immunity occurs with IgM.
Transplacental immunoglobulin ends at 20 weeks of age.
Breast-feeding allows for further transfer after birth.
Cell-mediated immunity is fully developed in the neonate.

Answer 3

Breast-feeding allows for further transfer after birth

Question 4

Which of the following is a cause of chronic upper airway obstruction?
  Congenital malformation
  Infection
  Angioedema
  Trauma

Answer 4

Congenital malformation

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding stridor?
Inspiratory stridor occurs with obstruction of the intrathoracic airway.
Expiratory stridor is also called a monophonic wheeze.
The intrathoracic airway is above the thoracic inlet.
Biphasic stridor is often caused at the lower trachea.

Answer 5

Expiratory stridor is also called a monophonic wheeze

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding airway size in children?
The airway resistance is proportional to the inverse of the fourth power of the radius.
An infant’s cartilage is less collapsible.
Children have increased diameter of their airway.
Cough is generally a benign condition.

Answer 6

The airway resistance is proportional to the inverse of the fourth power of the radius

Question 7

Which of the following illnesses is manifested by a unilateral swelling of the pharynx with fever, sore throat, dysphasia, trismus, and pooling of saliva?
  Diphtheria
  Peritonsillar abscess
  Croup
  Epiglottitis

Answer 7

Peritonsillar abscess

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding laryngotracheobronchitis?
The most common age is from 0 to 6 months.
It is caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
The highest incidence is in late fall and winter.
It is more common in girls.

Answer 8

The highest incidence is in late fall and winter

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding angioedema?
There is edema of the superficial tissues.
It is often caused by beta-blocker use.
It is generally caused by allergic phenomenon.
There usually is no facial swelling.

Answer 9

It is generally caused by allergic phenomenon

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true regarding respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?
The major predisposing factor is prematurity.
There is increased incidence in newborns, born to diabetic mothers.
It is more common in whites.
It is more common in girls.

Answer 10

It is more common in girls.