ch. 3B terms

Question 1

cell cycle consists of _____ and______ phase

Answer 1

interphase, miotic

Question 2

cell cycle is a _____ of changes a ____ undergoes from the time it is formed until it _____

Answer 2

series, cell, reproduces

Question 3

interphase is the ____ from cell ______ to cell ______, where the cell carries out its normal ______

Answer 3

period, formation, division, metabolism

Question 4

the 3 parts of of interphase are _______, synthetic __________

Answer 4

gap 1, gap 2

Question 5

in gap 1 there is vigorous ______ and _______ of a cell

Answer 5

growth, metabolism

Question 6

cells that permanently cease dividing are said to be in _______

Answer 6

G0 phase

Question 7

in synthetic DNA _____ occurs

Answer 7

replication

Question 8

in gap 2 the cells continue preparation for ________

Answer 8

division

Question 9

In DNA _________, the ______-stranded DNA helices unwind and “unzip”

Answer 9

replication, double

Question 10

DNA polymerase is the ______ necessary to begin adding DNA nucleotides to complimentary bases

Answer 10

enzyme

Question 11

name the 5 complementary bases: ATCGU

Answer 11

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 12

complementary bases come from the _____________

Answer 12

nucleoplasm

Question 13

DNA polymerase _______ strands at one time

Answer 13

synthesizes

Question 14

the end result of DNA replication is _______ “daughter” DNA molecules which are formed from the ________ DNA strands

Answer 14

identical, original

Question 15

replicated strands are connected by a ________

Answer 15

centromere

Question 16

duplicated chromosomes and duplicated DNA is called a _________

Answer 16

sister chromatid

Question 17

when one complete copy of DNA is given to each new
cell this is called _____ _____ division

Answer 17

cell miotic

Question 18

________ muscle cells, _______ muscle cells, and ________ cells do not divide efficiently and eventually lose their ability to _______ and are replaced with ______ tissue

Answer 18

skeletal, cardiac, nerve, divide, scar

Question 19

the _____ phase of cell cycle is a phase in which ______ consists of 2 distinct events

Answer 19

miotic, division

Question 20

the 2 distinct events of the miotic phase are ______ and _______

Answer 20

mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 21

the four stages of mitosis are _________, ___________, ________, and ________

Answer 21

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 22

in early prophase, the chromatin condenses forming visible chromosomes that _______

Answer 22

duplicate

Question 23

the microtubules are also called the ________ spindle

Answer 23

miotic

Question 24

In late prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks up, ________ attach to centromeres and pull chromosomes to the ________of the cell

Answer 24

microtubules, center

Question 25

In ___________, centromeres of chromosomes align at the cell’s _______

Answer 25

metaphase, equator

Question 26

an imaginary plane midway between poles is called ________ plate

Answer 26

metaphase

Question 27

In _______, the shortest all phases, the chromatids are pulled apart

Answer 27

anaphase

Question 28

________ begins during anaphase

Answer 28

cytokinesis

Question 29

______ begins when movement stops

Answer 29

telophase

Question 30

_________ begins during late anaphase and continues through ________

Answer 30

cytokinesis, telophase

Question 31

a gene is a segment of ____ molecules that code for the synthesis of a ________

Answer 31

DNA, protein

Question 32

a genetic code is the specific order of 3 ______ bases of ____ that represents an ____ acid

Answer 32

nitrogen, mRNA, amino

Question 33

3 nitrogen bases make up what is called a

Answer 33

codon

Question 34

3 nucleotides on DNA are called a

Answer 34

triplet

Question 35

3 nucleotides on tRNA called an

Answer 35

anticodon

Question 36

_______ are part of a gene that codes for amino acids and exit the nucleus as ____

Answer 36

exons, DNA

Question 37

introns are _______ segments interspersed amongst exons and they remain ______ the nucleus

Answer 37

noncoding, inside

Question 38

_____ are the 3 nucleotides in a DNA triplet and a tRNA anticodon

Answer 38

GGC

Question 39

_____ are the 3 nucleotides in a mRNA codon

Answer 39

CCG

Question 40

RNA is the molecule that links DNA to ______

Answer 40

proteins

Question 41

______ copies DNA code in the nucleus and then mRNA carries the _____ into the cytoplasm

Answer 41

mRNA, gene

Question 42

name the 3 types of RNA

Answer 42

tRNA, mRNA, rRNA

Question 43

_________ RNA (mRNA) is a ______ stranded nucleotide that copies genetic code

Answer 43

messenger, single

Question 44

_________ occurs in the nucleus and is the copying of the gene off of DNA into a ______ strand of mRNA

Answer 44

transcription, single

Question 45

_______ RNA is the structural component of ribosomes and the site of ______ synthesis

Answer 45

ribosomal, protein

Question 46

_______ RNA is a carrier RNA for a specific amino acid

Answer 46

transfer

Question 47

________ occurs in the cytoplasm and is the process where _______ of tRNA pairs with codon of mRNA

Answer 47

translation, anticodon

Question 48

name the 3 phases of transcription:

Answer 48

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 49

in initiation, RNA polymerase _____ DNA strands

Answer 49

separates

Question 50

in elongation, RNA polymerase adds complementary _______ to growing mRNA

Answer 50

nucleotides

Question 51

in termination, RNA polymerase _______ stops when RNA polymerase reaches special termination signal ______

Answer 51

transcription, code

Question 52

new mRNA is called ____-________

Answer 52

pre-mRNA

Question 53

translation involves _RNA, _RNA, _RNA, ______ code, translating ______, and occasionally the rough ER

Answer 53

t, m, r, genetic, events

Question 54

The genetic code contains ____ codons for only _____ amino acids

Answer 54

64, 20

Question 55

sequence for the only start codon is ____

Answer 55

AUG (methionine)

Question 56

sequence for the 3 stop codons are ___, ___, ___

Answer 56

UGA, UAG, UAA

Question 57

Ribosomes have 3 binding sites for tRNA which are __, __, __ site

Answer 57

Aminoacyl, Peptidyl, Exit

Question 58

When many ribosomes attach to the same mRNA, it is called a _______

Answer 58

polyribosome

Question 59

role of rough er is to _____ the ribosome

Answer 59

signal

Question 60

apoptosis is programmed ____ ____ where the cell _____ of damaged or unused cells

Answer 60

cell death, disposes

Question 61

autophagy is ______ where the cell disposes of _______ organelles and cytoplasmic bits

Answer 61

self eating, nonfunctional

Question 62

hyperplasia is accelerated _____ that _______ cell numbers when needed

Answer 62

accelerated, increases

Question 63

atrophy is a ______ in size of organ or tissue that results from loss of ______, use, or _______

Answer 63

decrease, stimulation, disease