ch. 4 terms Flashcards
1
Q
name the 4 basic tissue types (E.C.M.N)
A
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
2
Q
Epithelial Tissue ______ surfaces, lines lumens of cavities, forms glands
A
covers
3
Q
connective tissues bind _____ together, form a ______ , support ______ and the body as a whole, store _____, transport ______, protect against ______, and help repair tissue ______
A
structures, framwork, organs, fat, substances, disease, damage
4
Q
muscle tissues aid in the ________ of the body
A
movement
5
Q
nervous tissue _______ muscle _____, creates an awareness of the _____, and plays a major role in ______, memory, and reasoning
A
controls, contractions, environment, emotions
6
Q
two forms of epithelial tissue are covering, _____ and glandular epithelia
A
lining
7
Q
covering epithelia is located ______ whereas lining epithelia is located ______
A
externally, internally
8
Q
glandular epithelia is the _______ tissue in glands such as salivary glands
A
secretory
9
Q
the main functions of epithelia are: ________, absorption, filtration, _______, secretion, and sensory reception
A
protection, excretion
10
Q
The ______ surface of ET cells is the upper free side that is exposed to external surface or _____ of cavity
A
apical, lumen
11
Q
Most apical surfaces are smooth, but some have fingerlike
projections called _______ or cilia
A
microvilli
12
Q
______ surface is the lower side that faces _______ TOWARD the body
A
basal, inward
13
Q
_______ lamina is the cell part of basement membrane made of chemicals like ________ that hold basal surface of epithelial cells to underlying cells of CT
A
basal, glycoproteins
14
Q
________ lamina consists of a network of fine collagen fibers produced by the underlying areolar CT
A
reticular
15
Q
basement membranes consist of _______ and collagen fibers
A
chemicals
16
Q
ET is _______ meaning that there are no ________ ________ and ET must be nourished by diffusion of nutrients
A
avascular, blood vessels
17
Q
Epithelial Tissues have high _________ capacities
A
regenerative
18
Q
ET is exposed to ______ and caustic substances that results in
_____ _______
A
friction, cell damage
19
Q
epithelial tissue is classified by the _______ of layers and ______ of cells
A
number, shape
20
Q
terms for the numbers of layers in ET
A
simple and stratified
21
Q
terms for the types of shapes of cells in ET
A
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
22
Q
simple epithelia have how many layers
A
1
23
Q
stratified epithelia have how many layers
A
2 or more
24
Q
_______ epithelia is found where absorption, filtration, secretion occur
A
simple
25
________ epithelia found where there is high abrasion and protection is needed
Stratified (vagina, anus, esophagus, oral cavity)
26
squamous cells are flattened and _____
scale-like
27
Cuboidal cells are box-like or
cubed
28
Columnar cells are tall and look like ______
column
29
functions of simple epithelia are (A.F.S)
absorption, secretion, and filtration
30
simple squamous epithelium functions where ____ diffusion, _____ vessels, _____, ______ is priority and is located in the:
rapid, blood, lungs, and kidneys
31
Simple Squamous Epithelium is Called ________when it lines the lymphatic and blood vessels and the heart chamber
endothelium
32
Simple Squamous Epithelium is Called Mesothelium when it is found in the _______ _________
serous membranes
33
Simple cuboidal epithelium are found in the:___, _____, glands, and bronchioles
kidneys, ovaries
34
simple columnar et have _____, cilia, and goblet cells
microvilli
35
some functions of Simple columnar epithelium are _____ of mucus, enzymes and other substances, and ______,
secretion, absorption
36
Nonciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are located in the
stomach, intestines, and gallbladder
37
ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are located in the small _____ and ____ tubes
bronchi, uterine
38
pseudo means
false
39
Functions of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium are _____ and ____
secretion and movement
40
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium are located in the _____ tract
respiratory
41
stratified squamous epithelium is the most _______ of
stratified epithelia
widespread/abundant
42
Keratinized Stratified Squamous ET is located on the (dermis/epidermis)
epidermis (outer layer of the skin)
43
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous ET are located in ______linings
moist
44
Transitional epithelium forms lining of hollow ______ (urinary/respiratory) organs
urinary
45
transitional epithelial cells have the ability to ______ shape
change
46
a gland can be one cell or a group of cells that _______ and _______ a particular secretion
makes, secretes
47
a gland is classified by where the _______ is released and the ______ of cells forming a gland
secretion, number
48
Endocrine glands secrete hormones ________ (internally/externally) & sweat _______ (internally/externally)
internally, externally
49
________ (unicellular/polycellular) glands are individual cells scattered within epithelial sheets
unicellular
50
__________ glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones into surrounding _________ fluid
endocrine, interstitial
51
________ glands have ducts or tubes and secrete their secretions onto the body surfaces
exocrine
52
Exocrine glands include (MSOS)
1. ______ glands
2. ______ glands
3. ____ glands
4. ______ glands secrete salvia
5. Liver secretes bile
6. Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes
mucous, sweat, oil, salivary
53
Multicellular Exocrine Glands are described functionally as _______, _______, apocrine glands (MHA)
merocrine, holocrine
54
Merocrine Glands secrete products by _______
exocytosis
55
Holocrine Gland accumulates products within the _____
cell
56
Apocrine glands are present in other ______
animals
57
types of connective tissue are
1. Connective Tissue ______
2. ______
3. ____
4. _____
proper, cartilage, bone, blood
58
which tissue is the most abundant
connective
59
major functions of CT are binding, supporting, protecting, insulating, storing, and ______
transporting
60
Matrix ______ CT cells so CT cells can
1. Bear _____
2. Withstand ____
3. Endure ______
supports, weight, tension, abuse
61
common features of all connective tissue are as follows:
the cell occupy _________ (less/more) space than matrix
the ______ (do/do not) touch
cells ______ (are/ are not) separated by the matrix
less, do not, are
62
3 structural elements of CT are ground substance, fibers, and _____ (atoms/cells)
cells
63
do the ground substance, fibers, and cells vary depending on the CT? (y/n)
yes
64
Ground substance is the _______ (structured/ unstructured) gel-like material that fills space between cells and contains the fibers and with the fibers make up the ______ (extracellular/ intracellular) matrix
unstructured, extracellular
65
__________ fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans make up the ground substance
interstitial, substance
66
name the 3 fibers in CT: (C.E.R)
collagen, elastic, and reticular
67
_________ Fibers are the strongest and most abundant type
Collagen
68
Elastic fibers are networks of long, thin elastic ______ allow them the ability to ________
fibers, stretch
69
________ Fibers are short, fine, highly branched _________ fibers
made up of the protein collagen
reticular, protein
70
name the resident cells in CT: _______ blast cells and ______ cyte cells
Immature and Mature
71
CT “Blast” cells are immature forms of cells that actively _____ ground substance and fibers while “Blast” Cells secrete ____
secrete, matrix
72
other cells in connective tissue are fat cells, ______phages, mast cells, _____ (white/red) blood cells
macrophages, white
73
main classes of CT are ______ tissue proper, ____, _____, and blood.
connective, bone, cartilage
74
what are the 2 classes of connective tissue proper:
_____ (tight/loose) and ____ (shallow/dense) CT
loose, dense
75
types of loose CT are (A.A.R.)
areolar, adipose, reticular
76
_____ CT is the most widely distributed CT and it supports and binds other tissues and can be found in the ___ and nerves
areolar, blood vessels
77
______ CT is in areolar CT _____ (below/above) the skin
adipose, below
78
functions of white adipose are to support, _______, insulate, and reserve energy
protect
78
white fat is stored in ____cytes
adipocytes
78
two types of adipose tissue are ____ and ____ fat
white/ brown
79
Brown fat has abundant ________ and highly
vascularized
mitochondria
80
location of adipose are the _______, eyeballs, breast, _________, hips, knee joints, and the sucutaneous layer of the skin
kidneys, abdomen
81
Reticular CT consists of mostly the ______ (thinner/ thicker) reticular fibers
thinner
82
dense regular is found in the ______, ligaments, and aponeuroses
tendons
82
you can find reticular CT in the _______ nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and ______ (red/white) bone marrow
lymph, red
83
dense regular CT has very ____ (High/low) tensile strength, can withstand _____ (High/low) tension and pulling forces,and has ____ (thin/thick) fibers that run _____ (parallel/ opposite) to the direction of pull
high, high, thick, parallel
84
__________ CT contains fbers with protein elastin and are found in the walls of many large _______, ______ tubes, and _____ cords
elastic, arteries, bronchial, vocal
85
_____ cartilage is the most abundant cartilage in the body
hyaline
85
hyaline is found in the tips of the ____, ends of long ____, larynx, rings of _____ and between _____ and sternum and embryonic skeleton
nose, bones, trachea, ribs
85
the bundles of collogen in dense irregular CT are _____ (thicker, thinner) and are _______ (irregularly/ regularly) arranged
thicker, irregularly
85
________ stands up to tension and compression, and is tough yet _______(thin/thick), with a ____ like matrix and is ____% (50/80) water packed with collagen and elastic fibers
cartilage, thin, gel, 80
86
you can find dense irregular CT in the _____ (dermis/epidermis) fibrous _____ capsules, and the in coverings of ______ (kidneys/liver), bones, cartilages, muscles, and nerves
dermis, joint, kidneys
87
Major cells in cartilage are called _______ (chondroblasts/chondrocytes) that secrete matrix
during adolescent growth
chondroblasts
87
Chondrocytes that're found in small groups within cavities are called _______(lacuna/lacunae)
lacunae
87
cartilage is what we called avascular meaning what?
no blood vessels
88
______ (stretchy/elastic) cartilage is found in the ________ (trachea/epiglottis) and the auricle of the ears
elastic, epiglottis
88
bone is also called the _____ tissue
osseus
88
______ cartilage is similar to hyaline but w more elastic fibers
elastic
88
__________ (fibrocartilage/cartilage) is compressible and resists tension and is found in the ______________ (vertebral/intervertebral) discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of the _____ (arm/knee)
fibrocartilage, intervertebral, knee
89
collagen fibers , calcium and phosphorus salts make up the ____ (bone/tissue) matrix
bone
89
________ (osteons/osteocytes) are individual structural units of compact bone
osteons
89
_______ (osteoblasts/osteocytes) produce matrix
osteoblasts
90
bone heals (faster/slower) than CT and contains (nerve/cell) fibers
faster, nerve
90
_______ (osteoblasts/osteocytes) maintain the matrix and reside in (lacuna/lacunae)
osteocytes
91
(blood/nerve) is the most atypical connective tissue because blood has a (fluid/gel) matrix
blood, fluid
92
(bone/cartilage) makes _____ cells, supports, ________, has cartilage and inorganic calcium/phosphorus salts, and has the most rigid tissue
bone, blood, protects
93
blood cells are _________cytes that transport gases, __________cytes that defend the body from pathogens, and _______ that clot blood
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
93
(red/white) blood cells are the most common cell type
red
94
Fibers are in the form of soluble proteins called _________
fibrogens
95
(muscle/nerve)Tissue is highly cellular, highly vascularized, and responsible for most types of movement
muscle
95
Blood Functions in the Transport of
1. _______
2. _______
3. Gases
4. Other substances
nutrients, wastes
96
____________ is made up of actin and myosin proteins
Myofilaments
97
________ Muscle Tissue forms the flesh of our body and are considered ________ because contractions are under control
skeletal, voluntary
97
Three types of muscle tissues
1. _____ muscle
2. _____ muscle
3. _____ muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
98
_______ muscle cells are called muscle fibers, and they contain multiple nuclei which is called _____nucleated per cell and appear ________ or banded
skeletal, multinucleated, striated
99
________ (smooth/rough) Muscle Tissue is found mainly in walls of hollow organs except the _____ (heart/lungs) is under involuntary control, (has/has no) visible striations, they are spindle-shaped cells, and there is (one/four) nucleus per cell
smooth, heart, has no, one
99
_______ muscle tissue is only found in wall of heart and is under _______, unconscious control
cardiac, involuntary
99
_______ muscle tissue contains striations, and have _____ nucleus
and form many branches that join together at _________ (intertwined/intercalated) discs
cardiac, one, intercalated
100
smooth muscle tissue is found in the ________, urinary and ______ tract, BV, and uterus
respiratory, digestive
100
jobs of the smooth muscle tissue are to (M.M.C)
move, maintain, and control
101
nervous tissue includes:
1. Brain
2. ______ Cord
3. ______ Nerves
4. ______ Nerves
spinal, cranial, spinal
102
nervous tissue is found in the _____ and ______ nervous system
central, peripheral
103
nervous tissue is made up of neurons and _________ cells
neuroglial
104
the Nervous Tissue regulates and controls body metabolism by responding to ________ and transmitting electrical ______
stimuli, impulses
105
Membranes are organs because they are composed of at least 2 primary tissue types
1. ________ Tissue
2. ________ tissue
epithelial, connective
105
Cutaneous Membranes is the ____
skin
106
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium called the (epidermis/dermis)
epidermis
107
the cutaneous membranes are attached to a thick layer of connective tissue called the (epidermis/dermis)
dermis
108
Mucous Membranes Line
1. ______ tract
2. ____________ tract
3. Urinary tract
4. Reproductive tract
digestive, respiratory
109
Layer of Areola CT called _______ propria
lamina
110
(serous, mucous) membranes or serosae line cavities that do not open to outside
serous
110
Lamina propria rest on a third layer of smooth muscle called _________ mucosae
muscularis
111
Simple squamous epithelium is also called meso______
mesothelium
112
Space between the parietal and visceral membrane is a (cavity/organ)
cavity
112
In (regeneration/fibrosis), the same kind of tissue replaces destroyed tissue and the original function is restored
regeneration
113
Tissues that regenerate extremely well
1. ______ tissues
2. _______ (bone/muscle)
3. Areolar connective tissue
4. Dense _______ (regular/irregular) connective tissue (skin)
5. Blood-forming tissue
epithelial, bone, irregular
113
in (regeneration/fibrosis), connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue and original function is lost
fibrosis
114
Tissues with moderate regenerating capacity
1. _____ muscle
2. Dense ______ (regular/irregular) connective tissue
smooth, regular
115
Tissue with weak regenerating capacity
1. _______ muscle
2. Cartilage
skeletal
115
Tissues with virtually no functional regenerative capacity
1. ______ muscle
2. _______ tissue of brain and spinal cord
cardiac, nervous
