Ch 4. Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the 5 basic emotions
fear, sadness, happiness, anger, and surprise
What are the functions of emotions
Provide for survival skills, major means of communication, cognitive functions, and overall mental health and wellness
What is attachment?
the infant and his primary caregiver(s) participate in an interactive system that has evolved to keep the infant safe and ensure survival. As the infant changes cognitively and emotionally, an affectional bond with the caregiver emerges in stages, with a full-fledged attachment likely by about 7 or 8 months
o Basis of being fed
o Contact comfort ‡ comfort over food – based on contact
o Recent phenomenon
o Secure base ‡ ability/freedom to explore environment
What are 3 purposes of attachment
o Three purposes: maintains proximity between infant and caregiver, nurturing the emotional bond (proximity maintenance), provides the potential for ongoing protection (secure base), and it creates a haven for the infant when
distressed (safe haven)
What is stranger anxiety:
the tendency of an infant of young child to be wary of strangers and to seek the comfort and protection of the primary caregiver when a stranger is present. May begin early in infancy but is likely to intensify at about 8 months when separation anxiety begins
o Infants can recognize familiar faces and voices much earlier than 7 or 8 months
Proximity seeking
o Proximity maintenance:
infants insist on maintaining close proximity to their caregivers
one of three purposes of the attachment system. Bonds between infant and caregiver encourage and sustain physical closeness
• Secure base:
infants use their caregivers as a secure base for exploration
o One of the three purposes of the attachment system. The bond between infant and caregiver provides the infant a protective resource as she develops and learns
• Safe haven:
infants flee to their caregivers as a safe haven when frightened or alarms
o One of the three purposes of the attachment system. Bonds between infant and caregiver make the caregiver a source of comfort when distressed
What does secure attachment look like?
o Securely attached: they show distress on separation from the mother, often crying and trying to go after her, but they greet her happily on her return, usually reaching up to be held, sometimes molding their bodies to the mother as they seek comfort. Once assured by her presence and her gestures, they tend to go off and explore the room
What does insecure attachment look like?
attached by show signs of having a special pattern of behavior vis-à-vis their mothers, but their attachments seem insecure, often laced with high levels of anxiety, as though the infant cannot quite achieve a sense of security and ease even when mother is available
What does Anxious-ambivalent look like?
often seem stressed even in the initial episode and they are quite distressed when separated from their mothers. During the reunion, they may act angry, alternately approaching and resisting
the mother, or they may respond listlessly to her efforts to comfort. They seem preoccupied with their mothers and rarely return to exploration after a separation
• Cry then cling to mother then fight against
•babies who mother by pushing and kicking (want but ambivalent) show a great deal of distress on separation from their mothers, and who may act angry when reunited with the mother, alternately
approaching and resisting her, or who may respond listlessly to her efforts to comfort. They
seem preoccupied with their mothers and rarely
return to exploration after a separation
What does Avoidant attachment look like?
an attachment category describing babies who typically fail to cry when separated from their
mothers in a strange situation test. They actively avoid or ignore her when she returns, sometimes combining proximity seeking and moving away, but mostly turning away and often appearing unemotional.
• 20% of most samples – typically fail to cry when
separated from their mothers
• Actively avoiding or ignoring her when she
returns
• Cry when caregiver leaves but doesn’t go back to caregiver when she comes back
What are the 3 types of baby temperaments?
Difficult babies
[ 10%, These babies are fearful, irritable, active, display low levels of positive affect, are irregular in biological rhythms, and so on, making them more challenging to care for than other babies]
Easy Babies
[40%, These babies are placid, not very active, show positive affect, and are regular in their rhythms, making them easier to care for than other babies]
Slow-to-warm up babies
[15%,These babies are like easy babies in most ways, but they are like difficult babies in their fearfulness, showing more wariness in new situations than most other babies]
o Rest of the 35% of babies were more variable in their traits and did not fit well into any of the more extreme groups
