Ch. 5

Question 1

Self-concept

Answer 1

the “me” part of the self that is the object of self or others’ observations; the part that is known.

Question 2

Self-esteem

Answer 2

one’s evaluation of personal attributes, or the positive/negative valence associated with those attributes.

Question 3

Self-regulation

Answer 3

ability to comply with a request, to initiate/cease activities according to situational demands, modulate intensity, frequency and duration of motor acts in social and educational settings, to postpone acting on a desired object or goal and to generate socially approved behaviors in the absence of external monitors.

Question 4

William James’ perspective on consciousness

*The “I” side of self

Answer 4

experiences continuity over time-we all grow and chance but we know we embody core elements of the same self throughout life. Distinctiveness of self as a person compared to others. This side engages in self-directed activity and self-control.

Question 5

William James’ perspective on consciousness

*The “me” side

Answer 5

makes up self-concept. Material self-physical characteristics and possessions.

Social self- reputation and attributes noticed by others. Spiritual self- qualities of character,
beliefs and personal values.

Question 6

Cooley’s Looking Glass self

Answer 6

The process of self-development originates from observing the reflected appraisals of others, primarily attachment figures.

• we interact with others we first imagine how we must appear to them on a certain dimension.
• then we interpret or imagine how the other person evaluates us
• finally we experience some emotional response to that perceived evaluation.

Question 7

Emotion regulation

Answer 7

underlies any ability to control behaviors. This is the earliest developmental task of infancy, to establish physiological balance/control over fluctuating levels of arousal.

Good care giving in infancy and beyond helps develop the child’s developing ability to regulate emotions.

Question 8

Name the 8 different parenting styles

Answer 8

Warmth= responsive, sensitive

Child-centered= sidelining parental needs to meet child’s developmental needs

Parent-centered= shows little responsiveness to child’s concerns and are unlikely to do things just to meet those concerns.

Parental demandingness/control= parents imposing discipline. Impose standards and rules andenforce them.

Authoritative- both highly responsive and highly demanding. Positive emotional climate, promoting autonomy and supporting assertiveness and individuality.

Authoritarian- low responsiveness, highly demanding.

Permissive- highly responsive, low demandingness.

Neglecting- low responsive, low demanding. Invest little time in kids and are parent-centered.

Question 9

What are 3 methods of control / What are parents choosing when they attempt to exercise control?

Answer 9

• power assertion: physical punishment or threat of; withdrawal privileges; effective for immediate control of behavior.
• love withdrawal: withdrawing attention/affection, expressing disappointment, turning away from child, cutting off verbal/emotional contact, enforcing separations; effecting in eliciting immediate compliance.

-induction: parents use of explanation, giving reasons for rules; most effective way to internalize
rules so that children regulate their own behavior.