Ch. 5 Cognitive Development in Infancy Flashcards

0
Q

What are Primary Circulation Reactions?

A

Piaget’s phrase to describe a baby’s simple repetitive actions in substage 2 of the sensorimotor stage, organized around the the baby’s own body.

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1
Q

What is the Sensorimotor Stage?

A

Piaget’s first stage of development, in which infants use information from their senses and motor actions to learn about the world.

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2
Q

What are Secondary Circular Reactions?

A

Repetitive actions in substage 3 of the sensorimotor period, oriented around external objects.

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3
Q

What are Means-End Behavior?

A

Purposeful behavior carried out in pursuit of a specific goal.

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4
Q

What are Tertiary Circular Reactions?

A

The deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions that occurs in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period.

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5
Q

What is Object Permanence?

A

The understanding that objects continue to exist when they can’t be seen.

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6
Q

What is A-not-B Error?

A

Substage 4 infant’s tendency to look for an object in the place where it was last seen (position A) rather then in the place to which they have seen a researcher move it (position B).

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7
Q

What is Deferred Imitation?

A

Imitation that occurs in the absence of the model who first demonstrated it.

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8
Q

What is Object Concept?

A

An infant’s understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave.

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9
Q

What is the Violation-of Expectations-Method?

A

A research strategy in which researchers move an object in one way after having taught an infant to expect it to move in another.

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10
Q

What is Schematic Learning?

A

Organization of experiences into expectancies, called schemas, which enable infants to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar stimuli.

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11
Q

What is an Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?

A

An innate language processor, theorized by Chomsky, that contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language.

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12
Q

Who are Interationists?

A

Theorists who argue that language development is a subprocess of general cognitive development and is influenced by both internal and external factors.

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13
Q

What is Infant-Directed Speech?

A

The simplified, higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children.

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14
Q

What is Cooing?

A

Making repetitive vowel sounds, particularly the uuu sound.

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15
Q

What is Babbling?

A

The repetitive vocalizing of consonant-vowel combinations by an infant.

16
Q

What is Receptive Language?

A

Comprehension of spoken language.

17
Q

What is Expressive Language?

A

The ability to use sounds, signs, or symbols, to communicate meaning.

18
Q

What is Holophrases?

A

Combinations of gestures and single words that convey more meaning than just the word alone.

19
Q

What is Naming Explosion?

A

The period when toddlers experience rapid vocabulary growth, typically beginning between 16 and 24 months.

20
Q

What is Telegraphic Speech?

A

Simple two-word sentences that usually include a noun and a verb.

21
Q

What are Infections?

A

Additions to words that change their meaning.

22
Q

What is the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU)?

A

The average number of meaningful units in a sentence.

23
Q

What is Expressive Style?

A

A style of word learning characterized by low rates of noun like terms and high use of personal-social words and phrases.

24
Q

Wha is Referential Style?

A

A style of word learning characterized by emphasis on things and people and their naming and description.

25
Q

What is Intelligence?

A

The ability to take in information and use it to adapt to the environment.

26
Q

What is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

A

The best-known and most widely used test of infant “intelligence”.