Ch. 5: Operations of Systems

Question 1

How are various flight controls operated?

Answer 1

Rods and cables

Flaps are manually operated. Spring Loaded so it may be used as a step ONLY when fully retracted. Set to 10, 25, and 40 degrees.

Question 2

Describe landing gear system on your plane?

Answer 2

Fixed tricycle gear w/ steerable nose wheel

Question 3

Describe brake system

Answer 3

Hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Hydraulic line connects each brake to master cylinder at each pilots rudder pedals

Question 4

How is steering accomplished?

Answer 4

Nosewheel steering

System of mechanical linkage connected to rudder pedals

Question 5

Describe fuel injection?

Answer 5

Injects fuel directly info cylinder or just ahead of intake.

Question 6

6 basic components of fuel injection?

Answer 6

Engine driven fuel pump
Fuel/air control unit
Fuel manifold valve
Discharge nozzles
Auxiliary fuel pump
Fuel pressure/flow indicators

Question 7

Advantages of dual ignition

Answer 7

Increased safety - If one fails the engine will still operate

More complete and even combustion - Fires on both sides of cylinder and burns towards the center

Question 8

Purpose of fuel vents

Answer 8

Provides a way of replacing fuel with outside air, preventing formation of a vacuum

Question 9

Function of voltage regulator

Answer 9

Monitors system voltage, detects change, and makes adjustments to maintain constant voltage

Question 10

Causes of carb icing

Answer 10

As fuel vaporizes, it causes sudden cooling. Water vapor squeezed out of cooling freezes in carb

Most likely at temps below 70 and humidity above 80 percent

Indicated by RPM/Manifold pressure drop

Question 11

Op causes of detonation

Answer 11

Too low grade fuel

High manifold pressure combined with low RPM

High power setting with lean mixture

Extended ground operation or steep climbs (reduced cooling)

Question 12

What to do if detonation is suspected?

Answer 12

Open cowl flaps on ground

Enrich mixture

Correct grade of fuel

Shallow climb

Monitor engine instruments

Question 13

What to do if preignition is suspected?

Answer 13

Reduce power

Reduce climb rate

Enrich mixture

Open cowl flaps

Question 14

“Absolute altitude”

Answer 14

Vertical distance of AC above terrain

Question 15

“Pressure altitude”

Answer 15

Altitude indicated with altimeter set to 29.92” Hg

Question 16

“True altitude”

Answer 16

a. True vertical distance of AC above sea level

Question 17

“Density altitude”

Answer 17

Pressure altitude corrected for temperature

Question 18

Airspeed indication errors

Answer 18

Position error - Static ports sensing erroneous presuure

Density error - i. Changes in altitude and temperature no compensated for by instrument

Compressibility error - Packing of air into pitot tube at high airspeeds.
Higher than normal indications

Question 19

Different AC Speeds

Answer 19

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)
True Airspeed (TAS)

Question 20

Airspeed limitations not marked on indicator?

Answer 20

Va
Vlo
Vx
Vy

Question 21

Color coded airspeed limitations

Answer 21

White arc – Flap operating range

Lower A/S limit white arc – Vso (Stall speed landing configuration)

Upper white arc - Vfe
Green arc – Normal operating range

Lower A/S limit green arc – Vsi (Stall speed in clean configuration)

Upper A/S limit green arc – Max structural cruise speed

Yellow arc – Caution range (smooth op only)

Red Arc – Never exceed speed

Question 22

Limitations of Vsi

Answer 22

Not accurate until AC stabilized

6-9 second lag

Sudden or abrupt changes in attitude cause error

Question 23

Essential properties of gyroscope

Answer 23

Rigidity in space

Precession

Question 24

Limits of attitude indicator

Answer 24

Depends on make/model

Bank – Usually from 100-110 degrees

Pitch – Usually from 60-70 degrees

Will tumble if limits exceeded

Question 25

Errors of attitude indicator

Answer 25

Mostly free of errors

Slight nose up attitude indicated at rapid acceleration

Question 26

Heading indicator error and limitations

Answer 26

Usually around 55 degrees pitch/banks
- Will tumble and need to be reset
Will drift from its heading due to precession

Question 27

Compass errors/limitations

Answer 27

Limits - 18 degrees angle of banks
Errors –

Oscillation – turbulence causes erratic behavior

Acceleration - ANDS

Deviation – metal in cockpit

Variation – True N vs magnetic N

Northerly turning error - UNOS