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[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 5 Tissues > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Tissues Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissue

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2
Q

The tissue of the human body include 4 major types which include..

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

The function of epithelial tissue is..

A

Protection, secretion, absorption and excretion

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4
Q

What is the location of epithelial tissue?

A

The body surface, covering and lining of internal organs, composing of glands

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5
Q

The function of connective tissue is..

A

Support, fill spaces, produce blood cells

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6
Q

What is the location of connective tissue?

A

It is widely spread throughout body

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7
Q

The function of muscle tissue is..

A

Contraction and relaxation (body movement)

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8
Q

What is the location of muscle tissue?

A

Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart

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9
Q

The function of nervous tissue is..

A

To conduct impulses to control and coordinate body activities

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10
Q

What is the location of nervous tissue?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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11
Q

Tissue are _______-dimensional structures

A

three

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12
Q

Micrographs are..

A

Photos of very thin sections of tissue specimens

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13
Q

Tubular structures can be observed through micrographs, some examples of tubular structures are..

A

Blood vessels, digestive tract

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14
Q

A cross section is..

A

A cut across the structure

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15
Q

An oblique section is..

A

An angular cut through the structure

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16
Q

A longitudinal section is..

A

A lengthwise cut through the structure (right and left sections)

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17
Q

Circle or ovals indicate ________ or ________ sections

A
  • Cross
  • Oblique
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18
Q

Rows of cells with an elongated space between them indicate _________ sections

A

Longitudinal

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19
Q

Describe epithelial tissues

A
  • Free (apical) surface
  • Anchored to connective tissues by a basement membrane
  • Tightly packed cells w/ little extracellular–intercellular material
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20
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified by cell ___________ and cell ___________

A
  • Shape
  • Layer
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21
Q

The number of layers in epithelial tissues are categorized as..

A
  • Simple (single layer)
  • Stratified (many layers)
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22
Q

The cell shapes in epithelial tissues are categorized as..

A
  • Squamous (irregular and flat)
  • Cuboidal (cube-shaped cells)
  • Columnar (tall and elongated)
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23
Q

Simple squamous epithelium meaning

A

Single layer of irregular flat cells

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24
Q

Simple squamous epithelium function

A
  • Diffusion (High to low concentration)
  • Filtration (Water and dissolved material forced through a membrane from high to low pressure)
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25
Simple squamous epithelium example(s)
- Air sacs of the lungs (respiratory system) in diffusion - Kidneys (filtration)
26
Simple cuboidal epithelium meaning
Single layer of cube-shaped cells
27
Simple cuboidal epithelium function
Protection and secretion forming all glands in the body
28
Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found..
Surfaces of ovaries
29
Simple columnar epithelium meaning
Single layer of tall, elongated cells
30
Simple columnar epithelium function
Protection, secretion, absorption
31
Columnar epithelium can be categorized into ________ and _________
- Nonciliated (without hairlike projections) - Ciliated (with hairlike projections)
32
Simple columnar epithelium example(s)
Lining of uterus, stomach
33
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium meaning
A single layer of cells that give a false appearance of multiple layers (due to the position of the nucleus)
34
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
Protection, secretion, movement of mucus
35
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium example(s)
Lining of respiratory passages
36
Stratified squamous epithelium meaning
Many layers of irregular flat cells
37
Stratified squamous epithelium function
Protection
38
Stratified squamous epithelium example(s)
Superficial layer of skin
39
Stratified cuboidal epithelium meaning
Many layers of cube-shaped cells
40
Stratified cuboidal epithelium function
Protection
41
Stratified cuboidal epithelium can be found..
Lining ducts of mammary glands
42
Stratified columnar epithelium meaning
Many layers of tall, elongated cells
43
Stratified columnar epithelium function
Protection, secretion
44
Stratified columnar epithelium can be found
Lining the larger ducts of excretory glands
45
Transitional epithelium meaning
Cell shape changing (expandable lining)
46
Transitional epithelium function
Protection, stretchability
47
Transitional epithelium example(s)
- The urinary bladder (when full it is larger than when empty) - Pregnancy/birth (uterus contracting)
48
Two types of glands are..
- Endocrine - Exocrine
49
Endocrine glands are..
- Ductless - Secrete hormones in body fluid
50
Exocrine glands..
- Contain ducts - Ex: Sweat gland, salivary gland
51
All ducts in the body are formed in _____________ tissue
Epithelial
52
Connective tissue has an abundance of ____________/__________ matrix
- Extracellular - Intercellular
53
The main categories of connective tissue are
1. Connective tissue proper 2. Specialized connective tissue
54
Connective tissue proper includes..
1. Loose connective tissue 2. Dense connective tissue
55
Specialized connective tissue includes..
1. Cartilage 2. Bone 3. Blood
56
Loose connective tissue..
Contains adipocytes (fat cells)
57
Loose connective tissue function
Cushions joint, stores energy, insulates body
58
Loose connective tissue example(s)
Around kidneys
59
Dense connective tissue..
- Found in tendon (joins muscle to bone) - Found in ligament (joins bone to bone)
60
Cartilage..
- Specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes (cartilage cells) - Enclosed within a connective tissue covering called the perichondrium
61
Bone tissue..
- Specialized connective tissue - Forms sites for muscle attachment - Contains osteocytes (bone cells)
62
Bone example(s)
Skull protect brain, Ribs protect the lungs, Pelvic bones protect the reproductive organs
63
Blood (which is formed in the bones) has two portions, these portions are..
1. Plasma 2. Formed elements
64
Plasma..
Liquid portion of blood
65
Formed elements are categorized into..
1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes 3. Platelets
66
Erythrocytes..
- Red blood cells - Function: Carry O2 and nutrients
67
Leukocytes..
- White blood cells - Function: Protect against infection, defend (phagocytes)
68
Platelets..
- Function: Form clots and contains thrombocytes which stop bleeding
69
What are the types of membranes in the body?
1. Serous membrane 2. Mucous membrane 3. Cutaneous membrane 4. Synovial membrane
70
What are the types of epithelial membranes?
1. Serous 2. Mucous 3. Cutaneous
71
What are the types of connective tissue membrane?
Synovial
72
Serous membranes..
Line cavities that have no openings (thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity)
73
Example of serous membranes in the
Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum
74
Mucous membranes..
Secretes mucus and line the systems which have an opening to the exterior
75
What body systems are associated with mucous membranes?
- (1) Digestive - (2) Respiratory - (3) Urinary - (4) Reproductive
76
Mucous membranes produce mucus from..
Goblet cells
77
The cutaneous membrane is the
Skin
78
The synovial membrane..
Lines the joints
79
What is the function of the muscle tissues?
Contraction and relaxation
80
What the the types of muscle tissue?
- (1) Cardiac— Heart muscles (Involuntary) - (2) Smooth— All the tubular or sac shaped organs in the muscle (Involuntary) - (3) Skeletal — Muscles attached to the bone (Voluntary)
81
Cardiac muscle tissue..
- Involuntary— Cannot control - Found only in the heart
82
Smooth muscle tissue.. (and examples)
- Involuntary— Cannot control - Found in all the tubular or sac shaped organs (Hollow internal organs) EX: Digestive tract, blood vessels, urinary bladder, uterus
83
Skeletal muscle tissue..
- Voluntary— Can control - Muscle attached to the bone
84
Two types of nerve tissue are
- (1) Neurons— Nerve cells send signals - (2) Neuroglia— Supports and protects the neuron
85
Neurons..
Nerve cells send signals
86
Neuroglia..
Supports and protects the neuron

[BIO 115] Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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