Ch. 3 Cells

Question 1

Define Cells

Answer 1

The basic building block of an organism

Question 2

Define Pathology

Answer 2

The study of disease

Question 3

List 4 Cell Shapes

Answer 3

• Round
• Spherical
• Rectangular
• Irregular

Question 4

Function and structure of the flagellum (and example)

Answer 4

• Whip like structure
• Function: Locomotion
• EX: Sperm

Question 5

Function and structure of cilia

Answer 5

• Hair like projection
• Function: Locomotion, removing substances from the surface

Question 6

Function and structure of villi

Answer 6

• Finger like projection
• increase the surface area

Question 7

What are the 2 processes across the cell membrane?

Answer 7

1. Passive process
2. Active process

Question 8

What is passive process?

Answer 8

Movement from high to low concentration

Question 9

What are the types of passive process?

Answer 9

1. Diffusion
   
   • Simple diffusion
   • Facilitated diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Filtration

Question 10

What is active transport?

Answer 10

A mechanism of transport that requires energy; Moves from low to high concentration

Question 11

What are the types of active process?

Answer 11

1. Endocytosis
   
   • Phagocytosis
   • Pinocytosis
2. Exocytosis

Question 12

Define simple diffusion and give an example

Answer 12

Movement from high to low concentration
EX: Oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules exchange in the lungs

Question 13

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Movement from high to low concentration with the help of a protein

Question 14

Define osmosis

Answer 14

Movement of water through the membrane from high to low water concentration

Question 15

What are the types of osmosis

Answer 15

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids causing no change to the cell

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids causing cells to shrink

Question 18

Define filtration and give an example

Answer 18

• Water and dissolved material forced through a membrane from high to low pressure
• EX: Formation of urine

Question 19

What are the two types of endocytosis?

Answer 19

• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis

Question 20

Define phagocytosis

Answer 20

Cell eating; Engulfing by projection of cell membrane called pseudopods

Question 21

Define pinocytosis

Answer 21

Cell drinking; Same as phagocytosis but cells are stationary

Question 22

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 22

Somatic/Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 23

Define cell division

Answer 23

Process by which cell reproduce themself

Question 24

All human cell division contains 46 chromosomes called

Answer 24

Diploid

Question 25

Egg and sperm which contain 23 pairs of chromosomes are called

Answer 25

Haploid

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

Division of the nucleus

Question 27

Meosis

Answer 27

Used for sperm and egg cell production

Question 28

Define Gametes

Answer 28

Reproductive/ Sex cell

Question 29

Female gamete

Answer 29

Oocyte

Question 30

Male gamete

Answer 30

Sperm

Question 31

Meiosis taking place in ovary

Answer 31

Oogenesis

Question 32

Meiosis taking place in testes

Answer 32

Spermatogenesis

Question 33

Excess of tissue develop in growth

Answer 33

Tumor or neoplasm

Question 34

Malignant

Answer 34

Fatal--Causing death

Question 35

Benign

Answer 35

Harmless

Question 36

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 36

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 37

Abnormal cell division

Answer 37

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 38

Metastasis

Answer 38

A malignant/fatal tumor spreading to other parts of the body

Question 39

Define carcinogens and give an example

Answer 39

- Substances which cause cancer - EX: - Cigarettes- Lung cancer - UV Rays-- Skin cancer

Question 40

Hypotonic

Answer 40

Solution with lower osmotic pressure than body fluids causing cells to swell and may burst

Question 41

Mitosis cannot take place in the

Answer 41

- Nervous cells - Muscle cells

Question 42

Mitosis is essential for

Answer 42

- Tissue repair - Dead/damaged cell replacement