Ch. 6- Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Ankyl
A
crooked or stiff
2
Q
Arthr
Articul
A
joint (articulation)
3
Q
brachi
A
arm
4
Q
cervic
A
neck
5
Q
Chondro
A
cartilage (gristle)
6
Q
costo
A
rib
7
Q
cranio
A
skull
8
Q
dactyl
A
digit (finger or toe)
9
Q
fascio
A
fascia (a band)
10
Q
femor
A
femur
11
Q
fibr
A
fiber
12
Q
kypho
A
humpback
13
Q
lei
A
smooth
14
Q
lord
A
bent
15
Q
lumb
A
loin (lower back)
16
Q
myelo
A
bone marrow or spinal cord
17
Q
my
myos
muscul
A
muscle
18
Q
oste
A
bone
19
Q
patell
A
knee cap
20
Q
pelvi
pelvo
A
hip bone or pelvic cavity
21
Q
radi
A
radius
22
Q
rhabd
A
rod shaped or striated (skeletal)
23
Q
sarco
A
flesh
24
Q
scoli
A
twisted
25
spondylo
| vertebro
vertebra
26
stern
sternum (breastbone)
27
ten
tend
tendin
tendon
28
thorac
chest
29
ton
tone or tension
30
uln
ulna
31
appendicular skeleton
bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
32
axial skeleton
bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone.
33
bone
specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton.
34
compact bone
tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
35
spongy (cancellous) bone
mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run.
36
long bone
bones of arms and legs
37
short bone
bones of wrist and ankles
38
flat bones
bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
39
irregular bones
bones of vertebrae and face
40
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints
41
epiphysis
wide ends of long bone (physis= growth)
42
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
43
metaphysis
growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
44
endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
45
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
46
bone marrow
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
47
red bone marrow
found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets;
in adults, red bone marrow is found most often in the flat bones
48
yellow bone marrow
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells
49
periosteum
a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
50
articular cartilage
a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate.
51
bursa
a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
52
disk
a flat, plate like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction
53
nucleus pulposus
the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk
54
ligament
a flexible band of fibrous tissue tat connects bone to bone
55
synovial membrane
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
56
synovial fluid
lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
57
striated (skeletal) muscle
voluntary striated muscle attached to the skeleton
58
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle found in internal organs
59
origin of a muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when muscle contracts
60
insertion of a muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
61
tendon
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
62
fascia
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
63
coronal (frontal) plane
vertical division of the body into front and back portions
64
sagittal plane
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
65
transverse plane
horizontal division of body into upper and lower portions
66
decubitus
lying down, especially in bed
67
prone
lying face down and flat
68
recumbent
lying down
69
supine
horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back (on the spine)
70
abduction
movement away from the body
71
adduction
movement toward the body
72
eversion
turning outward
73
inversion
turning inward
74
supination
turning upward or forward of the palmar surface
75
pronation
turning downward or back of the palmar suface
76
goniometer
instrument used to measure joint angles
77
arthralgia
joint pain
78
crepitation
| crepitus
grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones
79
exostosis
a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
80
hypertrophy
increase the size of tissue such as muscle
81
hypotonia
reduced muscle tone or tension
82
myalgia
| myodynia
muscle pain
83
ostealgia
| osteodynia
bone pain
84
spasm
drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle
85
spastic
uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements
86
tetany
tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contration
87
tremor
shaking; rhythmic muscular movement
88
ankylosis
stiff joint condition
89
arthritis
inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion
90
osteoarthritis (OA)
most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joins; characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage
91
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes, causing ankylosis and deformity
92
gouty arthritis
acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia
93
bony necrosis
| sequestrum
dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply
94
bunion
swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
95
carpal tunnel syndrome
condition that results from compression of the medial nerve w/in the carpal tunnel at the wrist
96
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
97
epiphysitis
inflammation of epiphyseal region of the long bone
98
closed fracture
a broken bone w no open wound
99
open fracture
compound fracture; a broken bone w an open wound
100
complex fracture
a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
101
simple fracture
a non-displaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair
102
comminuted fracture
broken in many little pieces
103
greenstick fracture
bending and incomplete break of a bone- most often seen in children
104
myeloma
bone marrow tumor
105
myositis
inflammation of muscle
106
myoma
muscle tumor
107
leiomyoma
smooth muscle tumor
108
leiomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
109
rhabdomyoma
skeletal muscle tumor
110
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant skeletal muscle tumor
111
muscular dystrophy
a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
112
osteoma
bone tumor
113
osteosarcoma
malignant bone tumor
114
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by Ca and VitD deficiency
115
rickets
osteomalacia in children
116
osteomyelitis
infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation
117
osteoporosis
condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture
118
kyphosis
abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition)
119
lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
120
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)
121
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
122
spondylosis
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration
123
sprain
injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma, but without joint dislocation or fracture
124
subluxation
a partial dislocation (luxation= dislocation)
125
electromyogram (EMG)
a neurodiagnostic graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and during contraction to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders
126
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves
127
nuclear medicine
ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes
128
radionuclide organ imaging (bone scan)
radionuclide image of bone tissue to detect tumor malignancy
129
radiography (x-ray)
x-ray imaging, an ionizing technique commonly used in orthopedics
130
arthrogram
an x- ray of a joint taken after injection of a contrasting medium
131
diskogram
an x-ray of an intervertebral disk after injection of a contasting medium
132
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
an x-ray scan that measures bone mineral density to diagnose osteoporosis, indicated by T score- amount of bone mass of the patient compared to that of a normal young adult
133
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computed tomography (CT)
computed axial tomography (CAT)
```
a specialized x-ray procedure procession a series of cross-sectional images that are processed by a computer into a 2D or 3D image
134
sonography
ultrasound imaging, nonionizing technique
135
arthrocentesis
puncture for aspiration of a joint
136
arthrodesis
binding or fusing of joint surfaces
137
arthroplasty
repair or reconstruction of a joint
138
arthroscopy
procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from w/in
139
myoplasty
repair of muscle
140
open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture
internal surgical repair of a fracture by bringing banes back into alignment and fixing them into place, using plates, screws, pins
141
osteoplasty
repair of bone
142
osteotomy
an incision into bone
143
spondylosyndesis
spinal fusion
144
tenotomy
division by incision of a tendon to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle
145
closed reduction, external fixation of a fracture
external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along w application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing
146
traction (Tx)
application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing
147
closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a fracture
external manipulation of a fracture to align, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position- often includes use of an external device called a fixator to keep the fracture immobilized during healing
148
orthosis
use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or provide limb support
