Ch. 7- Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
angi
vas
vascul
A
vessel
2
Q
ather
A
fatty (lipid) paste
3
Q
cardi
A
heart
4
Q
coron
A
circle or crown
5
Q
my
A
muscle
6
Q
pector
steth
A
chest
7
Q
sphygm
A
pulse
8
Q
thrombo
A
clot
9
Q
ven
phleb
A
vein
10
Q
varic
A
swollen, twisted vein
11
Q
ventricul
A
ventricle (belly or pouch)
12
Q
endocardium
A
membrane lining th cavities of the heart
13
Q
epicardium
A
membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
14
Q
myocardium
A
heart muscle
15
Q
pericardium
A
protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between them
16
Q
parietal pericardium
A
outer layer (parietal=pertaining to wall)
17
Q
pericardial cavity
A
fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers
18
Q
visceral pericardium
A
layer closest to the heart
19
Q
aortic valve
A
heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
20
Q
mitral or bicuspid valve
A
heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
21
Q
pulmonary semilunar valve
A
heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
22
Q
tricuspid valve
A
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
23
Q
diastole
A
to expand, period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
24
Q
systole
A
to contract
25
normotension
normal blood pressure
26
hypotension
low blood pressure
27
hypertension
high blood pressure
28
sinoatrial node (SA node)
the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wall of the right atrium, responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node
29
atrioventriclular node (AV node)
neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His.
30
bundle of His
neurological fibers, extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches, that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers
31
purkinje fibers
fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
32
polarization
resting; resting state of a myocardial cell
33
depolarization
change of a myocardial cell from a polarized state to a state of contraction
34
repolarization
recharging the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state
35
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node
36
arteriosclerosis
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls
37
atherosclerosis
buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries
38
atheromatous plaque
a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by buildup of fat
39
thrombus
a stationary blood clot
40
embolus
a clot carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges
41
stenosis
condition of a part
42
occlusion
plugging; obstruction or closing off
43
ischemia
to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
44
perfusion deficit
a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, ect
45
infarct
to stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel
46
angina pectoris
chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries
47
aneurysm
a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness
48
saccular
a sac-like bulge on one side
49
fusiform
a spindle-shaped bulge
50
dissecting
a split or tear of the vessel wall
51
claudication
to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply
52
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
53
palpitation
subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeat
54
vegetation
to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis
55
fibrillation
chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart
56
flutter
extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart
57
heart block
an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block
58
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node
59
arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
a degenerative conduction of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture
60
bacterial endocarditis
a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
61
cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
62
cardiomyopathy
a general term for disease of the heart muscle
63
congenital anomaly of the heart
malformations of the heart present at birth
64
atrial septal defect (ASD)
an opening in the septum separating the atria
65
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
66
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
67
tetralogy of Fallot
an anomaly that consists of four defects:
pulmonary stenosis,
ventricular septal defect,
malposition of the aorta,
and right ventricular hypertrophy-
causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis
68
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
an opening in the septum separating the ventricles
69
congestive heart failure (CHF)
| -left ventricular failure
failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body
70
cor pulmonale
| -right ventricular failure
a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs
71
coronary artery disease
a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium- most often caused by atherosclerosis
72
hypertension
persistently high blood pressure
73
mitral valve prolapse
protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
74
myocardial infraction
heart attack; death of myocardial tissue owing to loss of blood flow as a result of an occlusion of a coronary artery- usually caused by atherosclerosis
75
myocarditis
inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection
76
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
77
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
78
rheumatic heart disease
damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever
79
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
80
varicose veins
abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs
81
deep vein thrombosis
formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
82
auscultation
a physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope
83
bruit
noise; an abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulence within
84
gallop
an abnormal heart sounds that mimics the gait of a horse
85
electrocardiogram (ECG)
an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P Q R S T corresponding to events of the cardiac cycle
86
intracardiac electrophysiological study
invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias
