Ch 6 Vocabulary 2410 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is conditioning?
A learning process in which an association is made between a stimulus and a response
Includes classical and operant conditioning.
What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?
A process where a behavior is strengthened by a consequence, such as a reward (positive) or removal of an aversive stimulus (negative)
Positive reinforcement involves adding a rewarding stimulus, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant one.
What is punishment?
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
It can be positive (adding an aversive stimulus) or negative (removing a desired stimulus).
What is stimulus generalization?
The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
This concept is observed in classical conditioning.
What is extinction in the context of conditioning?
The weakening or elimination of a conditioned response when the reinforcement or association is no longer present.
What is modeling in learning?
A form of learning where individuals observe and imitate the behavior of others
This concept is emphasized in Albert Bandura’s social learning theory.
Define self-efficacy.
The belief in one’s ability to perform behaviors necessary to achieve specific outcomes
This concept is central to Bandura’s theory.
What is operant conditioning?
A learning process where behavior is influenced by its consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment
Developed by B.F. Skinner.
What does reciprocal determinism refer to?
Bandura’s concept stating that behavior, personal factors, and the environment interact and influence one another.
What is behavior modification?
The use of learning principles, such as reinforcement and punishment, to change maladaptive behaviors and encourage desired ones.
