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Anatomy > Ch 7 Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 7 Bone Tissue Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

The skeletal system is made up of primarily what kind of tissue

A

connective tissues

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2
Q

The skeletal system makes up how much of the body

A

20% of the mass

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3
Q

Compact

A

dense, looks smooth, homogenous

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4
Q

Spongy

A

Interior of bone, a lot of open space filled with marrow

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5
Q

Trabecule

A

small needle-like or flat pieces of bone that make up the interior of the bone

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6
Q

what do bones produce

A

blood cells

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7
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

the process of blood cell formation

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8
Q

where does hematopoises occur

A

the marrow cavities of certain bones

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9
Q

What do bones store

A

minerals and fat

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10
Q

how many bones are in the body

A

206

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11
Q

four types of bone shapes

A

long, short, irregular, and flat

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12
Q

what type of bones are long bones

A

Primarily compact with some spongy

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13
Q

examples of long bones

A

the legs, thigh, arms,
forearms, fingers, toes, bones of the hand and
foot, and the collar bone.

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

tubular central shaft of a long bone

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15
Q

Medullary cavities

A

cavities in long bones taht store fat (yellow marrow), blood vessels and nerve cells

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16
Q

Epiphyses

A

the bone ends or extremities

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17
Q

Which is more expanded epiphyses or diaphysis

A

Epipyses

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18
Q

areas in long bones that routinely produce new blood cells

A

spongy bone in the head and femur

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19
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

remnant of the epiphyseal plate (where long bones lengthen)

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

double layered membrane covering the outer surface of the diaphysis

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21
Q

What is the inner layer of the periosteum made of

A

elastic fibers, blood vessels, osteoblsats and osteoclasts

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22
Q

what is the outer layer of the periosteum made of

A

connective tissue, blood bessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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23
Q

Function of periosteum

A

Initiates growth, development, and repair of bone

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24
Q

how many layers in the periosteum

A

2

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25
Endosteum
connective tissue membrane covering the internal bone surfaces
26
endosteum function
covers trabeculae of spongy bone Lines the canals that pass through compact bone
27
Articular cartilage
covering of the epiphyseal surfaces, cushions bone ends and absorbs stress during joint movement
28
Articular cartilage function
Cushions bone ends and absorbs stress during joint movemement
29
Articular cartilage tissue
glassy textured hylaine cartilage
30
Short bones
cube-like bones
31
Short bone examples
tarsals carpals and patella
32
Short bones bone types
Mostly soongy with thin surface layer of compact
33
Flat bones
Thin, flattened and usually slightly curved bones
34
Flat bones bone types
2 roughly pareallel compact bones with spongy bone between
35
Flat Bones examples
Sternum, ribs and most cranial bones
36
Most significant areas of blood cell formation
Flat bones (sternum/scalpula)
37
Irregular bones
Have complicated shapes and don't fit into other classes
38
Irregular bones bone types
mostly spongy bone enclosed by thin layers of compact bone
39
Irregular bones examples
vertebrae, hip bones, and some skull bones (mostly facial)
40
T/F irregular bones make blood cells
True | Example-hip
41
Foramen
oval or round opening
42
What is the region of the chin called
the mental region
43
Fissure
Groove or slit like opening in bone
44
Meatus
canal like passage in the bone
45
Fossa
shallow, basin or bowl-like depression
46
Groove
shallow depression or furrow
47
Notch
Indentation at the edge of a structure
48
Sinus
Enclosed cavity within a bone, filled with air; lined with mucus membrane
49
Projections
muscle and ligament attachments to bone
50
Crest
prominent narrow ridge
51
Tuberosity
Large and rounded rough surface
52
Process
any prominence of bone
53
Trochanter
very large, blunt process
54
Where is the trochanter found
only on the femur
55
Tubercle
small rounded process
56
How is the Tubercle different than the tuberocity
it is smaller
57
Epicondyle
raised area on or above condyle
58
Line (bone marking)
narrow ridge of bone | not as prominent as the crest
59
Projections (processes)
help form joints or are the sites of muscle and ligament attachment
60
Head
bone expansion protruding from a narrow neck
61
Facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
62
Condyle
Rounded knuckle-like process where one bone articulates with another
63
Ramus
arm-like bar of bone
64
Neck
narrow part of bone between "head" and "shaft"
65
Spine
sharp, slender process
66
how dense is compact bone
Not very as it is riddled with canals and passageways that serve as conduits for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
67
Structural unit of compact bone
The osteon or Haversian sustem
68
what is the tiny weight-bearing pillar
osteon
69
osteon
an elongated culindar oriented along the long axos of the bone; consits of a group of hollow tubes of bone matrix
70
Lamella
one of the cylindrical layers of the osteon
71
T/F collagen fibers in the same lamella run in different directions
F
72
T/F collagen fibers in adjacent lamella run in different opposite
T
73
Haversian canal
runs through the core of each osteon; containing blood vessels and nerve fibers
74
Volkmann's (perforating) canals
run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone connecting the vascular and nerves supplies of the pariosteum to those of the haversian canals and medullary cavity
75
The Haversian and Volkmann's canals are lined with what
endosteum
76
where are osteocytes found
small concavities called lacunae and at the junctions of lamellae
77
Canaliculi
connects lacuane to eachother and to the Haversian canal also tie all osteocytes together, help nutrients and waste to be shated from one osteocyte to another
78
ossification
formation of bone from other tissue types
79
intramembranous bones
bones that ossify from a membrane
80
endochondral bones
bones that ossify from hyaline cartilage
81
examples of intramembranous bones
most flat bones (cranium bones, sternum, scalpula)
82
examples of endochondral bones
long bones, short bones and irregular bones
83
function of ossification in adults
remodeling and repair of bones
84
Growth Horomone (GH)
the horomone that stimulates bone growth
85
Gigantism
Too much growth horomone
86
Dwarfism
Too little growth horomone
87
when is your skeleton fully grown
the age of 25
88
what happens whn calcium levels in blood are low
Parathyroid Horomone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into blood.
89
what happens when calcium levels in blood are high
calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts to form bone cells, removing calcium from the blood
90
osteomalicia
an abscence of vitamin D affecting absorbtion of calcium , softening and deforming of bones
91
Osteoporosis
when bone breakdown outpaces bone formation, causing bones to become porus and weakened
92
Vitamin A
Necessary for osteoclast activity during bone developement
93
Vitamin C
required for collagen synthesis
94
Vitamin D
Necessary for proper absorption of (and transportation of) calcium in the small intestined
95
yellow marrow
fat
96
red marrow
makes blood
97
lacunae
spaces between layers of osteons, where osteocytes are found
98
osteoblasts
bone makers
99
osteoclasts
break down bones
100
bone remodeling
bones are destroyed by osteoclasts and are re-made by osteoblasts
101
how much of the body mass is bones
20%
102
How much of osseus is cells compared to intercellular minerals/protiens
1/3 cell 2/3 intercelllular minerals/protiens
103
two main minerals found in bone
phosphorus and calcium
104
Functions of bones
provide support, protect soft organs and functions as levers to move body, body's mineral bank, body's blood cell factory, stores fat
105
where in a long bone would blood be produced
spongy bone
106
where in a long bone would blood be produced
spongy bone
107
growth plate
the area at the ends of long bones where they grow
108
What is the inner layer of the periosteum made of
elastic fibers, blood vessels, osteoblsats and osteoclasts
109
Function of periosteum
Initiates growth, development, and repair of bone

Anatomy (9 decks)

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