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Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

what two organs make up CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Functions of the CNS

A

Integrate, porcess and coordinate sonsory data and motor commands

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4
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nerve system

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5
Q

Two types of Peripheral nefves

A

cranial and spinal

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6
Q

Mixed nerves

A

nerves that contain both sensory and motor nerve fibes (most nerves are mixed)

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7
Q

Motor Nerves

A

nerves that carry impulses to muscles or glands

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8
Q

sensory nerves

A

nerves that carry out impulses into the brain or spinal cord

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9
Q

Two divisions of spinal nerves

A

Afferent and Efferent

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10
Q

afferent

A

brings sensory information from receptors (PNS) to the CNS

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11
Q

efferent

A

Carries motor commands from CNS to muscles

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12
Q

somatic nerves

A

Muscles with voluntary control

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13
Q

autonomic nerves

A

Muscles with involuntary control

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14
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

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15
Q

parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest/ feed and breed

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16
Q

3 general nervous system functions

A

sensory, integrative and motor

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17
Q

Sensory Functions

A

receptors detect changes in body conditions

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18
Q

Integrative function

A

Taxes sensory info and makes decisions that are acted upon with motor function

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19
Q

Motor Functions

A

make use of effectors that respond when they are stimulated by motor impulses

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20
Q

Convergence

A

a single neuron recives impulses from several incoming fibers, having an additve effect

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21
Q

Divergence

A

Impulse from one neuron may stimulate two, those two may stimulate 2 more.

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22
Q

what does divergence allow for

A

an impules to be amplified and spread out between neurons

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23
Q

Functions of the CNS

A

Integrate, porcess and coordinate sonsory data and motor commands

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24
Q

3 general nervous system functions

A

sensory, integrative and motor

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25
2 principle kinds of cells in neural tissue
Neurons and Neuroglial (Glial) cells
26
Neurons
structural and functional unit of neural tissue
27
neuron function
process and relay information
28
Glial cells function
supporting cells that give structural support to nervous tissue, serve as phagocytes, regulate interstitial fluid and assist in metabolism.
29
T/F there are more neurons thatn glial cells
False
30
primary difference between CNS and PNS
number and types of glial cells they contain
31
what four types of glial cells are found in CNS
Ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Microglia
32
Ependymal
line the central canal of spinal cord and brain ventricles; some secrete cerebrospinal fluid, others assit in circulation of the fluid
33
Astrocytes
Maintai blood-brain barrier, provide structural framework for neurons, perform repairs to tissue and direct the growth of develepoping neurons in the womb
34
Oligodendrocytes
Tie axon clusters together and improve neuron performince
35
Microglia
clean up crew that engulfs celular waste products, increase in number with injury
36
2 types of glial cells found in the PNS
Satellite cells and Schwann cells
37
sattelite cells
surround neuron cell bodies
38
Ganglia
special masses of nervous tissue that occuer outside of the spinal cord
39
schwann cells
covr peripheral axons to myelenate them
40
Mylenation
a layer of mylen surronds nerve cell and makes it transmit faster
41
how many axons in a nerve
one
42
axon
long process that carries impulses away from the cell body
43
fine extensions at the end of an Axon
terminal filaments
44
whats found on the end of terminal filaments
synaptic knobs
45
synaptic knobs
contain neurotransmitters that facilitate movement of impulses across a synapse
46
Neurilemma
surronds myelin sheaths
47
what part of brain matter do mylenated nerves make up
white matter
48
nodes of ranvier
gaps found along the axon between myelin sheaths
49
Perikaryon (soma)
the cell body of a nerve cell-contains cytoplasm, nucleus etc.
50
What makes up gray matter
Nissl bodies (free ribosomes seen in nerve bodies)
51
how do neuron cells divide
they don't (no centrioles)
52
how many Dendrites does a neuron have
many
53
Dendrites
Short and branching; extend from the cell body; sends info to cell body
54
Unipolar neurons
1 process that extends from body that divides into a peripheral process( dendrite) and a central process
55
What type of neurons are unipolar
PNS sensoy neurons
56
Multipola Neurons
Many process on cell body, one axon, the rest are dendrites
57
types of neurons that are multipolar
Most neurons in brain or spinal cord and motor neurons
58
Bipolar Neuron
Nonmyelinated; have 1 dendrite and 1 axon, with cell body in the middle,
59
where can bipolar neurons be found
they are relatively rare but are found in retna, inner ear and nose
60
Sensory Neyrons
collect data about internal and external environment, which is sent to brain or spinal cord
61
types of sensory receptors
extroceptors, proprioceptors and introceptors
62
exteroceptors
external environment
63
Proprioceptors
position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
64
interoceptors
internal environment
65
somatic motor neurons
stimulate voluntary muscle activity
66
visceral motor neurons
elicit response from all other peripheral structures (not muscle); involuntary
67
Interneurons
connector neurons that link other neurons
68
excitability
able to change in their environment
69
conductivity
ENABLES THEM TO SEND ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
70
Inttegration
Allows incoming impulses to be sorted out and interpreted
71
Inttegration
Allows incoming impulses to be sorted out and interpreted
72
What is the outer charge of a resting nerve cell
Positive
73
Resting cell has sodium or potassium
High concentration of potassium inside the cell
74
action potential
a nerve impulse
75
depoloraxation
neuron becomes more positive
76
refractory period
time required to restore the resting potential
77
Excitaory synapses
trigger a nerve impulse
78
Inhibitory synapses
reduce the ability of a neuron to depolarize

Anatomy (9 decks)

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